Biomaterial Database

The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of gentian violet on the germ tube formation by Candida albicans and its adherence to oral epithelial cells. 2017

T Mafojane, and S L Shangase, and M Patel

Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. Electronic address: Tumane.mafojane@wits.ac.z.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of gentian violet on the germ tube formation by Candida albicans and its adherence ability to oral epithelial cells. METHODS Thirty strains of C. albicans isolated from denture wearers, normal healthy individuals and HIV positive patients were used in the study. The antifungal property (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) of gentian violet was determined at various time intervals using a microdilution technique. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of gentian violet on the adherence ability (0.000244%) and on germ tube formation ((0.000244%, 0.000122%, 0.000061% and 0.000031%) was determined. In both experiments, water was used as a control. The test results were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS At 60min a high concentration (0.0078%) of gentian violet was required to completely kill C. albicans. Subinhibitory concentrations of gentian violet significantly reduced the adherence ability of C. albicans by 57% (p<0.01) and equally inhibited germ tube formation (p<0.01) compared with the controls. The inhibition was concentration dependent, with up to 98% reduction at a concentration of 0.000244%. Germ tube reduction was significantly higher in the isolates from the HIV positive patients than in the isolates from denture wearers. CONCLUSIONS At high concentrations, gentian violet killed C. albicans, whereas at subinhibitory concentrations it reduced its virulence by preventing the adherence ability and germ tube formation. This suggests that the beneficial effects of gentian violet would last beyond the fungicidal concentrations in the treatment of candidiasis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002176	Candida albicans	A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).	Candida albicans var. stellatoidea,Candida stellatoidea,Dematium albicans,Monilia albicans,Myceloblastanon albicans,Mycotorula albicans,Parasaccharomyces albicans,Procandida albicans,Procandida stellatoidea,Saccharomyces albicans,Syringospora albicans
D002180	Candidiasis, Oral	Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	Moniliasis, Oral,Thrush,Candidiases, Oral,Moniliases, Oral,Oral Candidiases,Oral Candidiasis,Oral Moniliases,Oral Moniliasis
D004847	Epithelial Cells	Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.	Adenomatous Epithelial Cells,Columnar Glandular Epithelial Cells,Cuboidal Glandular Epithelial Cells,Glandular Epithelial Cells,Squamous Cells,Squamous Epithelial Cells,Transitional Epithelial Cells,Adenomatous Epithelial Cell,Cell, Adenomatous Epithelial,Cell, Epithelial,Cell, Glandular Epithelial,Cell, Squamous,Cell, Squamous Epithelial,Cell, Transitional Epithelial,Cells, Adenomatous Epithelial,Cells, Epithelial,Cells, Glandular Epithelial,Cells, Squamous,Cells, Squamous Epithelial,Cells, Transitional Epithelial,Epithelial Cell,Epithelial Cell, Adenomatous,Epithelial Cell, Glandular,Epithelial Cell, Squamous,Epithelial Cell, Transitional,Epithelial Cells, Adenomatous,Epithelial Cells, Glandular,Epithelial Cells, Squamous,Epithelial Cells, Transitional,Glandular Epithelial Cell,Squamous Cell,Squamous Epithelial Cell,Transitional Epithelial Cell
D005840	Gentian Violet	A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.	Crystal Violet,Methyl Violet,Methylrosaniline Chloride,C.I. 42555,Gentiaanviolet FNA,Hexamethylpararosaniline Chloride,Kristallviolett-Lösung,Vigencial,Chloride, Hexamethylpararosaniline,Chloride, Methylrosaniline,FNA, Gentiaanviolet,Kristallviolett Lösung,Violet, Crystal,Violet, Gentian,Violet, Methyl
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000891	Anti-Infective Agents, Local	Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.	Anti-Infective Agents, Topical,Antiseptic,Antiseptics,Microbicides, Local,Microbicides, Topical,Antiinfective Agents, Local,Antiinfective Agents, Topical,Local Anti-Infective Agents,Local Antiinfective Agents,Topical Anti-Infective Agents,Topical Antiinfective Agents,Agents, Local Anti-Infective,Agents, Local Antiinfective,Agents, Topical Anti-Infective,Agents, Topical Antiinfective,Anti Infective Agents, Local,Anti Infective Agents, Topical,Local Anti Infective Agents,Local Microbicides,Topical Anti Infective Agents,Topical Microbicides
D014774	Virulence	The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.	Pathogenicity