Biomaterial Database

Recognition and diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia. 1985

H L Klawans

The recognition of specific types of abnormal movements in patients receiving chronic neuroleptic therapy is discussed. Characteristics of the four major categories of such movements--tremor, chorea, tics, and dystonia--are listed. These abnormal movements can be seen in several other syndromes and disease processes, which are briefly reviewed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010302	Parkinson Disease, Secondary	Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism,Secondary Parkinsonism,Symptomatic Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease, Secondary Vascular,Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic,Parkinsonism, Secondary,Parkinsonism, Symptomatic,Secondary Vascular Parkinson Disease,Parkinsonism, Atherosclerotic,Secondary Parkinson Disease,Symptomatic Parkinsonism
D002819	Chorea	Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	Choreatic Disorders,Choreiform Movement,Chorea Disorders,Chorea Syndromes,Chorea, Benign Hereditary,Chorea, Chronic Progressive,Chorea, Rheumatic,Chorea, Senile,Chorea, Sydenham,Choreatic Syndromes,Choreic Movement,Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal,Hereditary Chorea,Hereditary Progressive Chorea Without Dementia,Paroxysmal Dyskinesias,Rheumatic Chorea,Senile Chorea,St. Vitus's Dance,Sydenham Chorea,Sydenham's Chorea,Benign Hereditary Chorea,Benign Hereditary Choreas,Chorea Disorder,Chorea Syndrome,Chorea, Hereditary,Chorea, Sydenham's,Choreas,Choreas, Benign Hereditary,Choreas, Chronic Progressive,Choreas, Hereditary,Choreas, Rheumatic,Choreas, Senile,Choreas, Sydenham,Choreatic Disorder,Choreatic Syndrome,Choreic Movements,Choreiform Movements,Chronic Progressive Chorea,Chronic Progressive Choreas,Disorder, Chorea,Disorder, Choreatic,Disorders, Chorea,Disorders, Choreatic,Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal,Hereditary Chorea, Benign,Hereditary Choreas,Hereditary Choreas, Benign,Movement, Choreic,Movement, Choreiform,Movements, Choreic,Movements, Choreiform,Paroxysmal Dyskinesia,Progressive Chorea, Chronic,Progressive Choreas, Chronic,Rheumatic Choreas,Senile Choreas,St. Vitus Dance,St. Vitus's Dances,St. Vituss Dance,Sydenham Choreas,Sydenhams Chorea,Syndrome, Chorea,Syndrome, Choreatic,Syndromes, Chorea,Syndromes, Choreatic
D003937	Diagnosis, Differential	Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures.	Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D004409	Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced	Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced,Medication-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesias,Dyskinesia, Drug Induced,Dyskinesia, Medication Induced,Dyskinesias, Drug-Induced,Dyskinesias, Medication-Induced,Medication Induced Dyskinesia,Medication-Induced Dyskinesias
D004421	Dystonia	An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	Muscle Dystonia,Dystonia, Diurnal,Dystonia, Limb,Dystonia, Paroxysmal,Diurnal Dystonia,Dystonia, Muscle,Limb Dystonia,Paroxysmal Dystonia
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013981	Tic Disorders	Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	Post-Traumatic Tic Disorder,Tic Disorder, Chronic Motor or Vocal,Tic Disorder, Post-Traumatic,Tic Disorder, Transient,Tic Disorders, Vocal,Vocal Tic Disorders,Childhood Tic Disorders,Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder,Motor Tic Disorders,Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, Chronic,Tic Disorders, Childhood,Tic Disorders, Motor,Transient Tic Disorder,Childhood Tic Disorder,Motor Tic Disorder,Post Traumatic Tic Disorder,Post-Traumatic Tic Disorders,Tic Disorder,Tic Disorder, Childhood,Tic Disorder, Motor,Tic Disorder, Post Traumatic,Tic Disorder, Vocal,Tic Disorders, Post-Traumatic,Tic Disorders, Transient,Transient Tic Disorders,Vocal Tic Disorder
D014150	Antipsychotic Agents	Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.	Antipsychotic,Antipsychotic Agent,Antipsychotic Drug,Antipsychotic Medication,Major Tranquilizer,Neuroleptic,Neuroleptic Agent,Neuroleptic Drug,Neuroleptics,Tranquilizing Agents, Major,Antipsychotic Drugs,Antipsychotic Effect,Antipsychotic Effects,Antipsychotics,Major Tranquilizers,Neuroleptic Agents,Neuroleptic Drugs,Tranquillizing Agents, Major,Agent, Antipsychotic,Agent, Neuroleptic,Drug, Antipsychotic,Drug, Neuroleptic,Effect, Antipsychotic,Major Tranquilizing Agents,Major Tranquillizing Agents,Medication, Antipsychotic,Tranquilizer, Major
D014202	Tremor	Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	Action Tremor,Intention Tremor,Resting Tremor,Coarse Tremor,Continuous Tremor,Darkness Tremor,Fine Tremor,Intermittent Tremor,Involuntary Quiver,Massive Tremor,Passive Tremor,Persistent Tremor,Pill Rolling Tremor,Rest Tremor,Saturnine Tremor,Senile Tremor,Static Tremor,Tremor, Limb,Tremor, Muscle,Tremor, Neonatal,Tremor, Nerve,Tremor, Perioral,Tremor, Semirhythmic,Action Tremors,Coarse Tremors,Continuous Tremors,Darkness Tremors,Fine Tremors,Intention Tremors,Intermittent Tremors,Involuntary Quivers,Limb Tremor,Limb Tremors,Massive Tremors,Muscle Tremor,Muscle Tremors,Neonatal Tremor,Neonatal Tremors,Nerve Tremor,Nerve Tremors,Passive Tremors,Perioral Tremor,Perioral Tremors,Persistent Tremors,Pill Rolling Tremors,Quiver, Involuntary,Rest Tremors,Resting Tremors,Saturnine Tremors,Semirhythmic Tremor,Semirhythmic Tremors,Senile Tremors,Static Tremors,Tremor, Action,Tremor, Coarse,Tremor, Continuous,Tremor, Darkness,Tremor, Fine,Tremor, Intention,Tremor, Intermittent,Tremor, Massive,Tremor, Passive,Tremor, Persistent,Tremor, Pill Rolling,Tremor, Rest,Tremor, Resting,Tremor, Saturnine,Tremor, Senile,Tremor, Static,Tremors