Disability from pain directly correlated with depression in Parkinson's disease. 2017

Abdul Qayyum Rana, and Abdul Rehman M Qureshi, and Nabiha Rahman, and Aisha Mohammed, and Zainab Sarfraz, and Ruqqiyah Rana
Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement Disorders Centre, 2060 Ellesmere Rd, Suite 1-5, Toronto ON, M1H 2V6, Canada.

OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating disorder resulting in reduced quality of life (QoL). Along with the motor symptoms of PD, non-motor symptoms of PD such as pain, restless leg syndrome (RLS) depression also occur. These exacerbate the worsening QoL and must be promptly diagnosed and treated. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between pain severity, walking, general activity and work (WAW) and rapid eye movements (REM) dimensions of pain interference, and disability with depression and RLS in PD. METHODS 120 patients with PD and 120 controls were evaluated for depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Pain severity and interference was measured using Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). REM and WAW dimensions of pain were also measured. The Pain Disability Index (PDI) was used to assess the disabling effects from chronic pain. RESULTS The study found a statistically significant direct correlation between the BPI, PDI and PD. A significant direct correlation was also found for depression and pain in PD. No association as found between RLS and PD; RLS was not a confounding factor. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we conclude that pain interference, severity of pain and disability from pain is directly correlated with depression in PD. We also discern that these symptoms of PD are not independent of each other. We cannot establish a causal relationship between any of these variables. Prompt recognition and treatment of pain and depression is valuable in preserving the quality of life in PD.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010146 Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Suffering, Physical,Ache,Pain, Burning,Pain, Crushing,Pain, Migratory,Pain, Radiating,Pain, Splitting,Aches,Burning Pain,Burning Pains,Crushing Pain,Crushing Pains,Migratory Pain,Migratory Pains,Pains, Burning,Pains, Crushing,Pains, Migratory,Pains, Radiating,Pains, Splitting,Physical Suffering,Physical Sufferings,Radiating Pain,Radiating Pains,Splitting Pain,Splitting Pains,Sufferings, Physical
D010300 Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Paralysis Agitans,Primary Parkinsonism,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinsonism, Primary
D012148 Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep. Restless Leg Syndrome,Restless Legs,Willis Ekbom Disease,Willis Ekbom Syndrome,Willis-Ekbom Disease,Willis-Ekbom Syndrome,Wittmaack Ekbom Syndrome,Wittmaack-Ekbom Syndrome,Disease, Willis Ekbom,Disease, Willis-Ekbom,Syndrome, Restless Leg,Syndrome, Willis Ekbom,Syndrome, Willis-Ekbom,Syndrome, Wittmaack Ekbom,Syndrome, Wittmaack-Ekbom
D003863 Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. Depressive Symptoms,Emotional Depression,Depression, Emotional,Depressive Symptom,Symptom, Depressive
D005260 Female Females
D006233 Disabled Persons Persons with physical or mental disabilities that affect or limit their activities of daily living and that may require special accommodations. Handicapped,People with Disabilities,Persons with Disabilities,Physically Challenged,Physically Handicapped,Physically Disabled,Disabilities, People with,Disabilities, Persons with,Disability, Persons with,Disabled Person,Disabled, Physically,Handicapped, Physically,People with Disability,Person, Disabled,Persons with Disability,Persons, Disabled
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly

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