Battling bacterial infection with hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked and Cefaclor-loaded collagen scaffolds. 2017

E K Tsekoura, and A L Helling, and J G Wall, and Y Bayon, and D I Zeugolis
Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland. Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.

Implant infections remain a major healthcare problem due to the prolonged hospitalisation period required to disrupt and treat bacterial biofilm formation, and the need for additional surgery to remove/replace the infected implant, which if not removed in a timely manner may lead to sepsis. Although localised drug administration, via an implanted scaffold, has shown promise in a clinical setting, the ideal scaffold cross-linking (to initially withstand the aggressive infection environment) and drug (to be effective against infection) have yet to be identified. In this work, in the first instance, the biochemical, biophysical, and biological properties of collagen sponges as a function of various concentrations (0.625%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) of hexamethylene diisocyanate were assessed. Data presented illustrate that hexamethylene diisocyanate at 0.625% concentration was able to effectively stabilise collagen scaffolds, as judged by the reduction in free amines, adequate resistance to collagenase digestion, reduction in swelling, increase in denaturation temperature, suitable mechanical properties, and appropriate cytocompatibility. Subsequently, collagen scaffolds stabilised with 0.625% hexamethylene diisocyanate were loaded with variable concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 500 μg ml-1) of Cefaclor and Ranalexin. Both drugs exhibited similar loading efficiency, release profile, and cytocompatibility. However, only collagen scaffolds loaded with 100 μg ml-1 Cefaclor exhibited adequate antibacterial properties against both 106 and 108 colony-forming units per ml of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010456 Peptides, Cyclic Peptides whose amino acid residues are linked together forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; some are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL). Circular Peptide,Cyclic Peptide,Cyclic Peptides,Cyclopeptide,Orbitide,Circular Peptides,Cyclopeptides,Orbitides,Peptide, Circular,Peptide, Cyclic,Peptides, Circular
D002433 Cefaclor Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN. 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-((aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3-chloro-8-oxo-, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(R*)))-,Ceclor,Cefaclor Anhydrous,Cefaclor Monohydrate,Keclor,Lilly 99638,S-6472,S 6472,S6472
D002470 Cell Survival The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. Cell Viability,Cell Viabilities,Survival, Cell,Viabilities, Cell,Viability, Cell
D003094 Collagen A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH). Avicon,Avitene,Collagen Felt,Collagen Fleece,Collagenfleece,Collastat,Dermodress,Microfibril Collagen Hemostat,Pangen,Zyderm,alpha-Collagen,Collagen Hemostat, Microfibril,alpha Collagen
D003432 Cross-Linking Reagents Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other. Bifunctional Reagent,Bifunctional Reagents,Cross Linking Reagent,Crosslinking Reagent,Cross Linking Reagents,Crosslinking Reagents,Linking Reagent, Cross,Linking Reagents, Cross,Reagent, Bifunctional,Reagent, Cross Linking,Reagent, Crosslinking,Reagents, Bifunctional,Reagents, Cross Linking,Reagents, Cross-Linking,Reagents, Crosslinking
D004058 Diffusion The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT. Diffusions
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004339 Drug Compounding The preparation, mixing, and assembly of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814). Drug Formulation,Drug Preparation,Drug Microencapsulation,Pharmaceutical Formulation,Compounding, Drug,Formulation, Drug,Formulation, Pharmaceutical,Microencapsulation, Drug,Preparation, Drug
D004343 Drug Implants Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug. Drug Implant,Drug Pellet,Pellets, Drug,Drug Pellets,Implant, Drug,Implants, Drug,Pellet, Drug
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial

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