1. Cephalometric tracings of thirty Class II, Division 1 cases without extraction and twenty-five Class II, Division 1 cases with extraction were evaluated and statistically compared by means of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI). 2. The mean ODI in the nonextraction group, in particular, was significantly higher than that of the extraction group. 3. Three clinical examples were presented to demonstrate the values of ODI and APDI as adjuncts to cephalometric differential diagnosis. 4. With respect to the vertical component it may be concluded that the lower the ODI value from the normal mean a case presents, the greater the incidence of an extraction procedure as a compromise for the poor skeletal pattern. 5. With respect to the horizontal component the initial APDI reading indicates the severity of skeletal discrepancy. When the posttreatment APDI reading falls below the normal mean, a relapse is probable: the lower the figure a case possesses, the greater the chance of relapse. In such incidences an extraction procedure must be provided to ensure the stability of occlusion.