Biomaterial Database

Tachypnoeic response to amyl nitrite inhalation in the rabbit. 1985

G Macefield, and B S Nail

Intratracheal inhalation of amyl nitrite, a non-specific smooth muscle relaxant, in the pentobarbitone/urethane anaesthetized rabbit caused reductions in tidal volume and both inspiratory and expiratory times, without a preceding apnoea, that were independent of the associated hypotension and of reflex influences from the carotid sinus region but dependent on supra-abdominal vagal integrity. In artificially ventilated, paralyzed rabbits amyl nitrite caused a pronounced sensitization of pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) during the inflation phase, typically with a reduction in the level of activity during the deflation phase. The time course of the change in the pattern of PSR activity paralleled that of the tachypnoeic response. The sensitization of a small sample of rapidly adapting 'irritant' receptors was of a significantly shorter duration. A unitary analysis of non-myelinated vagal afferents was not attempted. The sensitization of these vagal afferents cannot be attributed to the smooth muscle relaxant properties of amyl nitrite since other relaxants (sodium nitrite, sodium nitroprusside, phentolamine) did not possess this capacity, and such properties would be expected to diminish their activities.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D011661	Pulmonary Stretch Receptors	Stretch receptors found in the bronchi and bronchioles. Pulmonary stretch receptors are sensors for a reflex which stops inspiration. In humans, the reflex is protective and is probably not activated during normal respiration.	Receptors, Pulmonary Stretch,Receptors, Stretch, Pulmonary,Stretch Receptors, Pulmonary,Lung Stretch Receptors,Receptors, Stretch, Lung,Stretch Receptors, Lung,Lung Stretch Receptor,Pulmonary Stretch Receptor,Receptor, Lung Stretch,Receptor, Pulmonary Stretch,Receptors, Lung Stretch,Stretch Receptor, Lung,Stretch Receptor, Pulmonary
D011817	Rabbits	A burrowing plant-eating mammal with hind limbs that are longer than its fore limbs. It belongs to the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, and in contrast to hares, possesses 22 instead of 24 pairs of chromosomes.	Belgian Hare,New Zealand Rabbit,New Zealand Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbit,Rabbit,Rabbit, Domestic,Chinchilla Rabbits,NZW Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus,Chinchilla Rabbit,Domestic Rabbit,Domestic Rabbits,Hare, Belgian,NZW Rabbit,Rabbit, Chinchilla,Rabbit, NZW,Rabbit, New Zealand,Rabbits, Chinchilla,Rabbits, Domestic,Rabbits, NZW,Rabbits, New Zealand,Zealand Rabbit, New,Zealand Rabbits, New,cuniculus, Oryctolagus
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D002346	Carotid Sinus	The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.	Sinus, Carotid
D005930	Glossopharyngeal Nerve	The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS of the carotid sinus.	Cranial Nerve IX,Ninth Cranial Nerve,Cranial Nerve IXs,Cranial Nerve, Ninth,Cranial Nerves, Ninth,Glossopharyngeal Nerves,Nerve, Glossopharyngeal,Nerve, Ninth Cranial,Nerves, Glossopharyngeal,Nerves, Ninth Cranial,Ninth Cranial Nerves
D006632	Histamine	An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.	Ceplene,Histamine Dihydrochloride,Histamine Hydrochloride,Peremin
D000344	Afferent Pathways	Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.	Afferent Pathway,Pathway, Afferent,Pathways, Afferent
D000680	Amyl Nitrite	A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.	Nitrite, Amyl
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia