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Genes of the major histocompatibility complex, HLA, are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the aetiology of this chronic inflammatory disease is not known. Synthetic oligonucleotide DNA probes were constructed to distinguish between two closely related but distinct alleles encoding the HLA-DR4 specificity in patients with RA. With these allele-specific oligonucleotide probes an uncommon DR4 genetic variant, Dw14, was identified in 6 of 7 RA patients homozygous for HLA-DR4. This allele may play an important part in susceptibility to RA.
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