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15 patients with first episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were treated with only aerosolised pentamidine, which they inhaled for 20 minutes every day for 21 days. 13 of the 15 responded to therapy. Mean PaO2 (mm Hg) and vital capacity (% predicted) were 67.9 and 50.8 before therapy and 80.1 and 67.9 after therapy in patients successfully treated. No systemic side-effects occurred and serum pentamidine concentrations were low in all patients. The only local adverse reaction was cough in 12 patients. Aerosolised pentamidine may be an effective non-toxic treatment for P carinii pneumonia.
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