Dietary sodium intake among US adults with hypertension, 1999-2012. 2018

Elena V Dolmatova, and Kasra Moazzami, and Sameer Bansilal
Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.

Excess sodium consumption has strong links with hypertension and cardiovascular disease with Food and Drug Association calling to limit sodium intake. However, little is known regarding the trends of sodium intake among hypertensive patients in the United States. Data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2012) were used to identify adults older than 20 years with self-reported hypertension. Sodium intake was measured through 24-h dietary recall. Linear regression was used to assess the time trends of sodium intake. Between the years of 1999 and 2012, sodium consumption increased 14.2% among all adults with hypertension (P = 0.012). The increase was seen in both sexes (by 13.3%, P = 0.023 for male, and by 12.1%, P = 0.015 for female). A significant increase was seen in the amount of sodium consumption among Hispanic (by 26.2%, P = 0.021) and African-American (by 20%, P = 0.031) participants, but not among non-Hispanic whites (by 2%, P = 0.096) during the study period. Participants with higher level of education (3487 ± 1678 vs. 3230 ± 1785 mg, P = 0.002) and household income (3527 ± 1770 vs. 3301 ± 1726 mg, P = 0.009) were found to consume more sodium, which remained significant after adjustment for age. Sodium intake has increased over the last two decades among individuals with hypertension. The increase was especially marked for Hispanics and African-Americans. Improved population-based interventions, including more effective strategies and aggressive approaches to reduce the sodium consumption among hypertensive adults, are needed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009749 Nutrition Surveys A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS. NHANES,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,Nutritional Surveys,Nutrition Survey,Nutritional Survey,Survey, Nutrition,Survey, Nutritional,Surveys, Nutrition,Surveys, Nutritional
D005006 Ethnicity A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. Ethnic Groups,Nationality,Ethnic Group,Nationalities
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D012982 Sodium, Dietary Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate. Dietary Sodium

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