Biomaterial Database

Average glucose from hemoglobin A1c for altered red blood cell lifetimes: Predictions based on a model for hemoglobin A1c formation. 2017

Ross Molinaro, and Jay H Herman, and Douglas F Stickle

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Current affiliation: Siemens Healthineers, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.

BACKGROUND A model for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) formation was used to predict the relationship between average glucose (AG) and %HbA1c under conditions of altered red blood cell lifetime (RCL). METHODS Using a kinetic mass balance model for formation of HbA1c in red blood cells as a function of age (time in circulation), whole blood %HbA1c vs. glucose was calculated based on the nonlinear distribution of red blood cells as a function of age across RCL. RESULTS Model calculations provided a close fit to the standard relationship of estimated average glucose to %HbA1c for normal RCL (r>0.999). Results for altered RCL were calculated assuming simple time-scale compression or expansion of the distribution of red blood cells as a function of RCL. For a given %HbA1c, the operative average glucose needed to have achieved a given %HbA1c was predicted to be altered by RCL according to average glucose×RCL=constant. CONCLUSIONS Model calculations estimate the extent to which standard reporting of AG vs. HbA1c underestimates or overestimates AG under conditions of altered RCL. Conditions of altered RCL may often be operative in patients with certain hemoglobin variants.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D004912	Erythrocytes	Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.	Blood Cells, Red,Blood Corpuscles, Red,Red Blood Cells,Red Blood Corpuscles,Blood Cell, Red,Blood Corpuscle, Red,Erythrocyte,Red Blood Cell,Red Blood Corpuscle
D006031	Glycosylation	The synthetic chemistry reaction or enzymatic reaction of adding carbohydrate or glycosyl groups. GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES carry out the enzymatic glycosylation reactions. The spontaneous, non-enzymatic attachment of reducing sugars to free amino groups in proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids is called GLYCATION (see MAILLARD REACTION).	Protein Glycosylation,Glycosylation, Protein
D006442	Glycated Hemoglobin	Products of non-enzymatic reactions between GLUCOSE and HEMOGLOBIN (occurring as a minor fraction of the hemoglobin of ERYTHROCYTES.) It generally refers to glycated HEMOGLOBIN A. Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) is hemoglobin A with GLYCATION on a terminal VALINE of the beta chain. Glycated hemoglobin A is used as an index of the average blood sugar level over a lifetime of erythrocytes.	Fructated Hemoglobins,Glycohemoglobin,Glycohemoglobin A,Glycohemoglobins,Glycosylated Hemoglobin A,Hb A1c,HbA1,Hemoglobin A(1),Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated,Glycated Hemoglobin A,Glycated Hemoglobin A1c,Glycated Hemoglobins,Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c,Hb A1,Hb A1a+b,Hb A1a-1,Hb A1a-2,Hb A1b,Hemoglobin, Glycated A1a-2,Hemoglobin, Glycated A1b,Hemoglobin, Glycosylated,Hemoglobin, Glycosylated A1a-1,Hemoglobin, Glycosylated A1b,A1a-1 Hemoglobin, Glycosylated,A1a-2 Hemoglobin, Glycated,A1b Hemoglobin, Glycated,A1b Hemoglobin, Glycosylated,Glycated A1a-2 Hemoglobin,Glycated A1b Hemoglobin,Glycosylated A1a-1 Hemoglobin,Glycosylated A1b Hemoglobin,Glycosylated Hemoglobin,Hemoglobin A, Glycated,Hemoglobin A1c, Glycated,Hemoglobin A1c, Glycosylated,Hemoglobin, Glycated,Hemoglobin, Glycated A1a 2,Hemoglobin, Glycosylated A1a 1,Hemoglobins, Fructated,Hemoglobins, Glycated
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015233	Models, Statistical	Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.	Probabilistic Models,Statistical Models,Two-Parameter Models,Model, Statistical,Models, Binomial,Models, Polynomial,Statistical Model,Binomial Model,Binomial Models,Model, Binomial,Model, Polynomial,Model, Probabilistic,Model, Two-Parameter,Models, Probabilistic,Models, Two-Parameter,Polynomial Model,Polynomial Models,Probabilistic Model,Two Parameter Models,Two-Parameter Model