Biomaterial Database

The absorption of free and "peptide" amino acids in the small intestine of chicks. 1988

R Kushak, and N Basova

Institute of Biology, Academy of Sciences, Latvian SSR, Salaspils, USSR.

1. The accumulation of free L-tryptophan and glycine in the small intestine of chicks, as well as of amino acids released at the hydrolysis of glycyl-L-tryptophan, glycyl-L-leucine and glycyl-L-valine, was studied under experiments in vitro with accumulating preparations of chicks intestinal mucosa. 2. At the incubation of accumulating mucosal preparations (AMP) in a medium containing the investigated compounds in the presence of sodium ions (140 mM) or an equal amount of potassium ions, the existence of 2 ways of their transport was found: sodium-independent and sodium-dependent. The latter is decisive for the transport of free L-tryptophan. 3. In the case of peptide L-tryptophan the power of both mechanisms is about the same, but in case of free glycine the sodium-independent mechanism is dominant. 4. The transport of peptide glycine is realized only through the sodium-independent mechanism. 5. The existence of amino acid transport against the gradient is noted by replacing sodium by potassium ions in the incubation medium. Its absence was observed at the incubation of AMP under anaerobic conditions. 6. The study of kinetics of L-tryptophan accumulation showed that the replacement of sodium ions by potassium ones in the incubation medium is accompanied by a decrease of Kt from 2.23 to 0.84 mM as well as of V from 4.54 to 0.84 mM/min per cm. 7. Modifiers (L-valine, L-threonine, L-alpha-alanine) in concentrations of 100 mM inhibit drastically the accumulation of free and peptide L-tryptophan in the mucosa of chick small intestine, and this effect is mainly related to the action of sodium-dependent transport mechanisms.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D007413	Intestinal Mucosa	Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.	Intestinal Epithelium,Intestinal Glands,Epithelium, Intestinal,Gland, Intestinal,Glands, Intestinal,Intestinal Gland,Mucosa, Intestinal
D007421	Intestine, Small	The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.	Small Intestine,Intestines, Small,Small Intestines
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D004151	Dipeptides	Peptides composed of two amino acid units.	Dipeptide
D005998	Glycine	A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.	Aminoacetic Acid,Glycine, Monopotassium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (1:1), Monosodium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monolithium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monopotassium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monosodium Salt,Glycine Hydrochloride,Glycine Hydrochloride (2:1),Glycine Phosphate,Glycine Phosphate (1:1),Glycine Sulfate (3:1),Glycine, Calcium Salt,Glycine, Calcium Salt (2:1),Glycine, Cobalt Salt,Glycine, Copper Salt,Glycine, Monoammonium Salt,Glycine, Monosodium Salt,Glycine, Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate,Acid, Aminoacetic,Calcium Salt Glycine,Cobalt Salt Glycine,Copper Salt Glycine,Hydrochloride, Glycine,Monoammonium Salt Glycine,Monopotassium Salt Glycine,Monosodium Salt Glycine,Phosphate, Glycine,Salt Glycine, Monoammonium,Salt Glycine, Monopotassium,Salt Glycine, Monosodium
D000596	Amino Acids	Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.	Amino Acid,Acid, Amino,Acids, Amino
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014364	Tryptophan	An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.	Ardeydorm,Ardeytropin,L-Tryptophan,L-Tryptophan-ratiopharm,Levotryptophan,Lyphan,Naturruhe,Optimax,PMS-Tryptophan,Trofan,Tryptacin,Tryptan,Tryptophan Metabolism Alterations,ratio-Tryptophan,L Tryptophan,L Tryptophan ratiopharm,PMS Tryptophan,ratio Tryptophan