-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Basement membranes serve as significant barriers to the passage of tumor cells but ones which metastatic cells can pass. This involves the production of a cascade of proteases leading to the activation of a specific collagenase that degrades the unique collagen network in basement membrane. Breast cancer cells, when estrogen dependent, show a requirement for estrogen for invasive activity. However, when these cells progress to an estrogen independent state and increased malignancy, they express an invasive phenotype constitutively. Studies with various anti-estrogens suggest that these responses are mediated via the estrogen receptor. Anti-estrogens lacking agonist activity suppress invasiveness as well as growth of the breast cancer cells.
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
April 1986,
Cancer research,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
January 1994,
Cancer research,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
November 2008,
American journal of surgery,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
March 1994,
Journal of neurosurgery,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
May 1977,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
May 1997,
Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology],
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
January 1996,
Cancer investigation,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
January 2013,
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.),
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
December 2001,
Molecular biology of the cell,
E W Thompson, and
R Reich, and
G R Martin, and
A Albini
February 2007,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
