Aerobic Soil Biodegradation of Bisphenol (BPA) Alternatives Bisphenol S and Bisphenol AF Compared to BPA. 2017

Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
Purdue University , Department of Agronomy, Ecological Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, United States.

Pressures to ban bisphenol A (BPA) has led to the use of alternate chemicals such as BPA analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) in production of consumer products; however, information on their environmental fate is scarce. In this study, aerobic degradation of BPA, BPAF, and BPS at 100 μg/kg soil and 22 ± 2 °C was monitored for up to 180 days in a forest soil and an organic farm soil. At each sampling point, soils were extracted three times and analyzed by liquid chromatography high resolution mass or time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on compound mass recovered from soils compared to the mass applied, BPS had short half-lives of <1 day in both soils similar to BPA. BPAF was much more persistent with observed half-lives of 32.6 and 24.5 days in forest and farm soils, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on BPAF degradation. For all three compounds, half-lives were longer in the higher organic carbon (OC) forest soil which correlates well to sorption studies showing higher sorption with higher OC. Metabolites identified for all three bisphenols support degradation pathways that include meta-cleavage as well as ortho-cleavage, which has not been previously shown.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010636 Phenols Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
D001559 Benzhydryl Compounds Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. Diphenylmethyl Compounds,Compounds, Benzhydryl,Compounds, Diphenylmethyl
D001673 Biodegradation, Environmental Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers. Bioremediation,Phytoremediation,Natural Attenuation, Pollution,Environmental Biodegradation,Pollution Natural Attenuation
D012987 Soil The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. Peat,Humus,Soils
D013450 Sulfones Sulfone

Related Publications

Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
March 2023, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
April 2009, International journal of environmental research and public health,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
July 2023, Archives of toxicology,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
May 2020, International journal of molecular sciences,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
January 2013, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
October 2018, Water research,
Youn Jeong Choi, and Linda S Lee
October 2023, Journal of hazardous materials,
Copied contents to your clipboard!