Comparison of the geometric and the contrast models of similarity by presentation of visual stimuli to the left and the right visual fields. 1989

R Frost, and I Gati
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

In this study we investigated by means of the "same-different" decision task the process of comparing visual stimuli (schematic faces, familiar objects, houseplants, and nonsense figures) when presented for 100-150 msec to the right or to the left visual hemifields. The analysis of incorrect "same" responses showed that the addition of a common component (e.g., glasses, buttons) to a pair of nonidentical stimuli increased the percentage of incorrect same responses whereas the addition of the same component to one stimulus only in the pair decreased the percentage of incorrect "same" responses. This pattern, which is in accordance with Tversky's contrast model of similarity, is incompatible with any geometric model. Second, for schematic faces the results revealed that the left hemisphere is more sensitive to common than to distinctive features, whereas the right hemisphere is more sensitive to distinctive than to common features. No such interaction was obtained for the other type of stimuli. The implications of these results for models of similarity and the difference between the present findings and the findings of Sergent (1984) are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010364 Pattern Recognition, Visual Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs. Recognition, Visual Pattern,Visual Pattern Recognition
D004193 Discrimination Learning Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli. Discriminative Learning,Discrimination Learnings,Discriminative Learnings,Learning, Discrimination,Learning, Discriminative
D004292 Dominance, Cerebral Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions. Cerebral Dominance,Hemispheric Specialization,Dominances, Cerebral,Specialization, Hemispheric
D005145 Face The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw. Faces
D005556 Form Perception The sensory discrimination of a pattern, shape, or outline. Contour Perception,Contour Perceptions,Form Perceptions,Perception, Contour,Perception, Form,Perceptions, Contour,Perceptions, Form
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D001288 Attention Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating. Focus of Attention,Selective Attention,Social Attention,Attention Focus,Attention, Selective,Attention, Social,Selective Attentions

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