Biomaterial Database

Common paediatric conditions of the lower limb. 2017

Ashlee M Dobbe, and Paul J Gibbons

Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Growing children are susceptible to a number of disorders to their lower extremities of varying degrees of severity. The diagnosis and management of these conditions can be challenging. With musculoskeletal symptoms being one of the leading reasons for visits to general practitioners, a working knowledge of the basics of these disorders can help in the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, counselling, and specialist referral. This review covers common disorders affecting the hip, the knee and the foot. The aim is to assist general practitioners in recognising developmental norms and differentiating physiological from pathological conditions and to identify when a specialist referral is necessary.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007873	Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease	A particular type of FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS occurring in children, mainly male, with a course of four years or so.	Coxa Plana,Legg-Perthes Disease,Perthes Disease,Legg-Calve-Perthes Syndrome,Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease,Legg-Calvé-Perthes Syndrome,Osteochondritis Deformans,Disease, Legg-Calve-Perthes,Disease, Legg-Calvé-Perthes,Disease, Legg-Perthes,Disease, Perthes,Legg Calve Perthes Disease,Legg Calve Perthes Syndrome,Legg Calvé Perthes Disease,Legg Calvé Perthes Syndrome,Legg Perthes Disease,Osteochondritis Deforman,Syndrome, Legg-Calve-Perthes,Syndrome, Legg-Calvé-Perthes
D010008	Osteochondritis Dissecans	A type of osteochondritis in which articular cartilage and associated bone becomes partially or totally detached to form joint loose bodies. Affects mainly the knee, ankle, and elbow joints.	Dissecans, Osteochondritis
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D005532	Foot Deformities, Congenital	Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.	Congenital Foot Deformities,Congenital Foot Deformity,Deformities, Congenital Foot,Deformity, Congenital Foot,Foot Deformity, Congenital
D006618	Hip Dislocation, Congenital	Congenital dislocation of the hip generally includes subluxation of the femoral head, acetabular dysplasia, and complete dislocation of the femoral head from the true acetabulum. This condition occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births and is more common in females than in males.	Hip Dysplasia, Congenital,Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip,Congenital Hip Dislocation,Congenital Hip Displacement,Congenital Hip Dysplasia,Dislocation Of Hip, Congenital,Dislocation, Congenital Hip,Displacement, Congenital Hip,Dysplasia, Congenital Hip,Hip Displacement, Congenital,Hip Dysplasia, Congenital, Nonsyndromic,Hip, Dislocation Of, Congenital,Congenital Hip Dislocations,Congenital Hip Displacements,Congenital Hip Dysplasias,Dislocations, Congenital Hip,Displacements, Congenital Hip,Dysplasias, Congenital Hip,Hip Dislocations, Congenital,Hip Displacements, Congenital,Hip Dysplasias, Congenital
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D055034	Osteochondrosis	Any of a group of bone disorders involving one or more ossification centers (EPIPHYSES). It is characterized by degeneration or NECROSIS followed by revascularization and reossification. Osteochondrosis often occurs in children causing varying degrees of discomfort or pain. There are many eponymic types for specific affected areas, such as tarsal navicular (Kohler disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter disease).	Koehler Disease,Osgood-Schlatter Disease,Koehler's Disease,Navicular Osteochondrosis,Koehlers Disease,Navicular Osteochondroses,Osgood Schlatter Disease,Osteochondroses,Osteochondroses, Navicular,Osteochondrosis, Navicular
D056304	Genu Valgum	An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).	Knock Knee,Genu Valga,Genu Valgas,Genu Valgums,Knees, Knock,Knock Knees,Valga, Genu,Valgas, Genu
D056305	Genu Varum	An outward slant of the thigh in which the knees are wide apart and the ankles close together. Genu varum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasia (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; Blount's disease); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).	Bow Leg,Genu Varus,Bow Legs,Leg, Bow,Legs, Bow
D060048	Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses	A developmental deformity in which the metaphysis of the FEMUR moves proximally and anteriorly away from FEMUR HEAD (epiphysis) at the upper GROWTH PLATE. It is most common in male adolescents and is associated with a greater risk of early OSTEOARTHRITIS of the hip.	Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis,Adolescent Coxa Vara,Bilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses,Bilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis,Epiphysiolysis Capitis Femoris,Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphyses,Unilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses,Unilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis,Adolescent Coxa Varas,Coxa Vara, Adolescent