Biomaterial Database

p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate: some clouds are gathering in the uremic toxin sky. 2017

Pieter Evenepoel, and Griet Glorieux, and Bjorn Meijers

KUL Leuven, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Nephrology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Pieter.Evenepoel@uzleuven.be.

An increasing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate contribute to the high cardiovascular burden in patients with chronic kidney disease. In a post hoc analysis on the HEMO trial, Shafi et al. failed to confirm an association between total p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. Analytical issues and case-mix may explain the discrepant findings.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007200	Indican	A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan.	1H-Indol-3-ol Hydrogen Sulfate Ester,Indican Monopotassium Salt,Indican Monosodium Salt,Indoxyl Sulfate,Monopotassium Salt, Indican,Monosodium Salt, Indican,Sulfate, Indoxyl
D003408	Cresols	Any of three isomeric crystalline aromatic methylphenols, also known as hydroxytoluenes.
D006435	Renal Dialysis	Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.	Dialysis, Extracorporeal,Dialysis, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialysis,Hemodialysis,Dialyses, Extracorporeal,Dialyses, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialyses,Hemodialyses,Renal Dialyses
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013463	Sulfuric Acid Esters	Organic esters of sulfuric acid.	Sulfates, Organic,Thiosulfuric Acid Esters,Organic Sulfates,Esters, Sulfuric Acid,Esters, Thiosulfuric Acid
D014118	Toxins, Biological	Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often PROTEINS, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants (PLANTS, TOXIC), or ANIMALS.	Biological Toxins
D014511	Uremia	A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	Uremias