The purpose of this article was mainly focus on in patients with TBI, does or not hypothermia improved mortality and/or chance of good neurologic outcome compared with standard of care alone. We performed a comprehensive search strategy. Articles were eliminated in a stepwise fashion. Data from each study was entered in Review Manager (RevMan) software version 5.0 when reported. 7 studies, including 1331 patients confirmed to all selection criteria and were identified. This meta-analysis got all data of 7 articles together to come to a conclusion, besides that, it also carried on a detailed analysis of different classification, trying to outline the possible mechanism. We included two Chinese articles, tried to find out the effects of hypothermia on Asian race. For the poor outcome of hypothermia on diffuse lesions, we also analyzed the mechanism and gave our speculation. Children with traumatic brain injury were also analyzed the effect of hypothermia treatment and the possible cause of the poor outcome. The results of these clinical trials were heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The hypothermia treatment on TBI seems had good outcomes on focal lesions, adult patients, Asian patients and at a relatively higher temperature (33-36℃).