The results of forty total elbow replacements in which a capitellocondylar prosthesis was implanted in thirty-five patients (five of whom had a bilateral procedure) were reviewed retrospectively. The average length of follow-up was 7.2 years (range, four to twelve years). Pronation, supination, and flexion of the elbow improved considerably, but extension did not change a great deal. The average rating of the elbow, according to the scoring system of Ewald et al., improved from 30 to 88 points, but the functional score, as defined by the American Rheumatism Association, improved in only four patients. Malarticulation or dislocation of the prosthesis occurred in ten patients (29 per cent). In two other patients, a deep infection developed, necessitating removal of the prosthesis. Ten prostheses (ten patients) had radiolucent lines on follow-up radiographs, but these lines were not associated with pain or loosening. Seven patients (seven elbows) had a transient ulnar-nerve palsy. The incidence of this complication was reduced from 30 per cent (five of seventeen patients) to 15 per cent (four of twenty-eight patients) when the lateral Kocher approach to the elbow was adopted.