A noncoding variant in GANAB explains isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD) in a large family. 2018

Whitney Besse, and Jungmin Choi, and Dina Ahram, and Shrikant Mane, and Simone Sanna-Cherchi, and Vicente Torres, and Stefan Somlo
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Expanded mutation detection and novel gene discovery for isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD) are necessary as 50% of cases do not have identified mutations in the seven published disease genes. We investigated a family with five affected siblings for which no loss-of-function variants were identified by whole exome sequencing analysis. SNP genotyping and linkage analysis narrowed the candidate regions to ∼8% of the genome, which included two published PCLD genes in close proximity to each other, GANAB and LRP5. Based on these findings, we re-evaluated the exome sequencing data and identified a novel intronic nine base pair deletion in the vicinity of the GANAB exon 24 splice donor that had initially been discarded by the sequence analysis pipelines. We used a minigene assay to show that this deletion leads to skipping of exon 24 in cell lines and primary human cholangiocytes. These findings prompt genomic evaluation beyond the coding region to enhance mutation detection in PCLD and to avoid premature implication of other genes in linkage disequilibrium.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008107 Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. Liver Dysfunction,Disease, Liver,Diseases, Liver,Dysfunction, Liver,Dysfunctions, Liver,Liver Disease,Liver Dysfunctions
D009154 Mutation Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. Mutations
D003560 Cysts Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues. Cyst
D005091 Exons The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA. Mini-Exon,Exon,Mini Exon,Mini-Exons
D005959 Glucosidases Enzymes that hydrolyze O-glucosyl-compounds. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.2.1.-. Glucosidase
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001483 Base Sequence The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence. DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D060492 Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 LDL-receptor related protein that combines with FRIZZLED RECEPTORS at the cell surface to form receptors that bind WNT PROTEINS. The protein plays an important role in the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY in OSTEOBLASTS and during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5,Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5,Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 5,Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 5
D019143 Evolution, Molecular The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations. Molecular Evolution,Genetic Evolution,Evolution, Genetic
D021901 DNA, Intergenic Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions. DNA, Junk,DNA, Spacer,Intergenic DNA,Junk DNA,Spacer DNA,Intercistronic Region,Intercistronic Sequence,Intergenic Region,Intergenic Sequence,Sequence, Intergenic,DNAs, Intergenic,DNAs, Junk,DNAs, Spacer,Intercistronic Regions,Intercistronic Sequences,Intergenic DNAs,Intergenic Regions,Intergenic Sequences,Junk DNAs,Region, Intercistronic,Region, Intergenic,Regions, Intercistronic,Regions, Intergenic,Sequence, Intercistronic,Sequences, Intercistronic,Sequences, Intergenic,Spacer DNAs

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