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Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome associated with barrier contraceptives: report of a case-control study. 1989

B Schwartz, and S Gaventa, and C V Broome, and A L Reingold, and A W Hightower, and J A Perlman, and P H Wolf
Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

Use of barrier contraceptives has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). This association was evaluated in a case-control study of nonmenstrual TSS; cases were identified through an active surveillance system for TSS during 1986 and 1987. Potential risk factors for nonmenstrual TSS were compared for 28 patients and 100 age-matched controls. Use of barrier contraceptives was associated with a significantly increased risk of nonmenstrual TSS, with matched odds ratios of 10.5 and 11.7 for contraceptive sponge and diaphragm use, respectively. Use of nonbarrier contraceptive methods was unrelated to nonmenstrual TSS. Despite the elevated odds ratio, the incidence of nonmenstrual TSS in barrier contraceptives users and the risk of nonmenstrual TSS attributable to barrier contraceptive use are low. Clinicians and women who use barrier contraceptives should be aware of this rare but potentially fatal complication; however, other considerations, such as efficacy and complications associated with other types of contraception, may be more important in the choice of a contraceptive method.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008598 Menstruation The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D003274 Contraceptive Devices, Female Contraceptive devices used by females. Cervical Cap,Coiled Spring,Vaginal Diaphragm,Vaginal Rings,Vaginal Shield,Vaginal Sponge,Cap, Cervical,Caps, Cervical,Cervical Caps,Coiled Springs,Contraceptive Device, Female,Device, Female Contraceptive,Devices, Female Contraceptive,Diaphragm, Vaginal,Diaphragms, Vaginal,Female Contraceptive Device,Female Contraceptive Devices,Ring, Vaginal,Rings, Vaginal,Shield, Vaginal,Shields, Vaginal,Sponge, Vaginal,Sponges, Vaginal,Spring, Coiled,Springs, Coiled,Vaginal Diaphragms,Vaginal Ring,Vaginal Shields,Vaginal Sponges
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D012772 Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. Endotoxin Shock,Septic Shock,Shock, Endotoxic,Shock, Toxic,Toxic Shock,Toxic Shock Syndrome,Endotoxin Shocks,Shock Syndrome, Toxic,Shock, Endotoxin,Shocks, Endotoxin,Toxic Shock Syndromes
D049590 Postpartum Period In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION). Puerperium,Postpartum,Postpartum Women,Period, Postpartum,Women, Postpartum

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