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Reducing Cardiovascular Disparities Through Community-Engaged Implementation Research: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report. 2018
George A Mensah, and
Richard S Cooper, and
Anna Maria Siega-Riz, and
Lisa A Cooper, and
Justin D Smith, and
C Hendricks Brown, and
John M Westfall, and
Elizabeth O Ofili, and
LeShawndra N Price, and
Sonia Arteaga, and
Melissa C Green Parker, and
Cheryl R Nelson, and
Bradley J Newsome, and
Nicole Redmond, and
Rebecca A Roper, and
Bettina M Beech, and
Jada L Brooks, and
Debra Furr-Holden, and
Samson Y Gebreab, and
Wayne H Giles, and
Regina Smith James, and
Tené T Lewis, and
Ali H Mokdad, and
Kari D Moore, and
Joseph E Ravenell, and
Al Richmond, and
Nancy E Schoenberg, and
Mario Sims, and
Gopal K Singh, and
Anne E Sumner, and
Roberto P Treviño, and
Karriem S Watson, and
M Larissa Avilés-Santa, and
Jared P Reis, and
Charlotte A Pratt, and
Michael M Engelgau, and
David C Goff, and
Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
From the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.A.M., L.N.P., M.C.G.P., B.J.N., R.A.R., M.M.E.); Loyola University Medical School, Department of Public Health Sciences, Chicago, IL (R.S.C.); University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville (A.M.S.-R.); Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (L.A.C.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Baltimore, MD (L.A.C.); Center for Prevention Implementation Methodology (Ce-PIM), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.D.S., C.H.B.); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (J.M.W.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A., C.R.N., N.R., M.L.A.-S., J.P.R., C.A.P., D.C.G.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, John D. Bower School of Population Health, Jackson (B.M.B.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing (J.L.B.); Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, East Lansing (D.F.-H.); National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G.); School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago (W.H.G., K.S.W.); Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S.J., E.J.P.-S.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (T.T.L.); Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (A.H.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, KY (K.D.M.); Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of Medicine, New York (J.E.R.); Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC (A.R.); UK Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Department of Medical Behavioral Science, Lexington (N.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center (M.S.); Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, MD (G.K.S.); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.E.S.); and Social and Health Research Center, San Antonio, TX (R.P.T.). george.mensah@nih.gov.
Cardiovascular disparities remain pervasive in the United States. Unequal disease burden is evident among population groups based on sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, nativity, or geography. Despite the significant declines in cardiovascular disease mortality rates in all demographic groups during the last 50 years, large disparities remain by sex, race, ethnicity, and geography. Recent data from modeling studies, linked micromap plots, and small-area analyses also demonstrate prominent variation in cardiovascular disease mortality rates across states and counties, with an especially high disease burden in the southeastern United States and Appalachia. Despite these continued disparities, few large-scale intervention studies have been conducted in these high-burden populations to examine the feasibility of reducing or eliminating cardiovascular disparities. To address this challenge, on June 22 and 23, 2017, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened experts from a broad range of biomedical, behavioral, environmental, implementation, and social science backgrounds to summarize the current state of knowledge of cardiovascular disease disparities and propose intervention strategies aligned with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute mission. This report presents the themes, challenges, opportunities, available resources, and recommended actions discussed at the workshop.
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