Chromosome painting and comparative physical mapping of the sex chromosomes in Populus tomentosa and Populus deltoides. 2018

Haoyang Xin, and Tao Zhang, and Yonghua Han, and Yufeng Wu, and Jisen Shi, and Mengli Xi, and Jiming Jiang
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.

Dioecious species accounted for 6% of all plant species, including a number of crops and economically important species, such as poplar. However, sex determination and sex chromosome evolution have been studied only in few dioecious species. In poplar, the sex-determining locus was mapped to chromosome 19. Interestingly, this locus was mapped to either a peritelomeric or a centromeric region among different poplar species. We developed an oligonucleotide (oligo)-based chromosome painting probe based on the sequence of chromosome 19 from Populus trichocarpa. We performed chromosome painting in P. tomentosa and P. deltoides. Surprisingly, the distal end on the short arm of chromosome 19, which corresponds to the location of the sex-determining locus reported in several species, was not painted in both species. Thus, the DNA sequences associated with this region have not been anchored to the current chromosome 19 pseudomolecule, which was confirmed by painting of somatic metaphase chromosome 19 of P. trichocarpa. Interestingly, the unpainted distal ends of the two chromosome 19 did not pair at the pachytene stage in 22-24% of the meiotic cells in the two species, suggest that these regions from the sex chromosomes have structurally diverged from each other, resulting in the reduced pairing frequency. These results shed light on divergence of a pair of young sex chromosomes in poplar.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D012730 Sex Chromosomes The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Gonosomes,Chromosome, Sex,Chromosomes, Sex,Gonosome,Sex Chromosome
D013045 Species Specificity The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species. Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species
D017404 In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. FISH Technique,Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization,Hybridization in Situ, Fluorescence,FISH Technic,Hybridization in Situ, Fluorescent,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescent,FISH Technics,FISH Techniques,Technic, FISH,Technics, FISH,Technique, FISH,Techniques, FISH
D020161 Physical Chromosome Mapping Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed) Chromosome Mapping, Physical,Physical Mapping (Genetics),Chromosome Mappings, Physical,Mapping, Physical Chromosome,Mappings, Physical Chromosome,Physical Chromosome Mappings,Physical Mappings (Genetics)
D020223 Chromosome Painting A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species. Chromosome Paintings,Painting, Chromosome,Paintings, Chromosome
D023902 Chromosome Pairing The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences. Synapsis,Synapsis, Chromosomal,Chromosomal Synapsis,Chromosome Pairings
D032107 Populus A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Balm of Gilead is a common name used for P. candicans, or P. gileadensis, or P. jackii, and sometimes also used for ABIES BALSAMEA or for COMMIPHORA. Cottonwood,Poplar, Balsam,Poplar, Black,Poplar, True,Populus balsamifera,Populus fremontii,Populus nigra,Balsam Poplar,Balsam Poplars,Black Poplar,Black Poplars,Cottonwoods,Poplars, Balsam,Poplars, Black,Poplars, True,Populus balsamiferas,Populus fremontius,Populus nigras,True Poplar,True Poplars,balsamiferas, Populus,fremontius, Populus,nigras, Populus
D032461 Chromosomes, Plant Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS. Chromosome, Plant,Plant Chromosome,Plant Chromosomes

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