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Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria. 2018

J Purić, and G Vieira, and L B Cavalca, and L D Sette, and H Ferreira, and M L C Vieira, and D C Sass
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.

This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites extracts from filamentous fungi isolated from soil and marine sediments from Antarctic ecosystems and to assess its potential antibacterial activity on Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (phytopathogenic bacteria causing diseases in pepper and tomato and passionfruit, respectively). Among the 66 crude intracellular and extracellular extracts obtained from fungi recovered from soil and 79 obtained from marine sediment samples, 25 showed the ability to prevent the growth of X. euvesicatoria in vitro and 28 showed the ability to prevent the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae in vitro. Intracellular and extracellular extracts from soil fungi inhibited around 97% of X. euvesicatoria and 98% of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae at 2·1 mg ml-1 . The average inhibition rates against X. euvesicatoria and X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae for intracellular and extracellular extracts from marine sediments fungi were around 96 and 97%, respectively, at 3·0 mg ml-1 . Extracts containing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria and X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae were obtained, containing possible substitutes for the products currently used to control these phytopathogens. CONCLUSIONS Micro-organisms from extreme ecosystems, such as the Antarctic ecosystem, need to survive in harsh conditions with low temperatures, low nutrients and high UV radiation. Micro-organisms adapt to these conditions evolving diverse biochemical and physiological adaptations essential for survival. All this makes these micro-organisms a rich source of novel natural products based on unique chemical scaffolds. Discovering novel bioactive compounds is essential because of the rise in antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms and the emergence of new infections. Fungi from Antarctic environments have been proven to produce bioactive secondary metabolites against various micro-organisms, but few studies have shown activity against Xanthomonas phytopathogens.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010935 Plant Diseases Diseases of plants. Disease, Plant,Diseases, Plant,Plant Disease
D002212 Capsicum A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates VANILLOID RECEPTORS. Several varieties have sweet or pungent edible fruits that are used as vegetables when fresh and spices when the pods are dried. Bell Pepper,Cayenne Pepper,Chili Pepper,Chilli Pepper,Green Pepper,Jalapeno Pepper,Paprika,Pimiento,Red Pepper,Capsicum annuum,Cayenne,Chile Pepper,Hot Pepper,Sweet Pepper,Bell Peppers,Cayenne Peppers,Chile Peppers,Chili Peppers,Chilli Peppers,Green Peppers,Hot Peppers,Jalapeno Peppers,Pepper, Bell,Pepper, Cayenne,Pepper, Chile,Pepper, Chili,Pepper, Chilli,Pepper, Green,Pepper, Hot,Pepper, Jalapeno,Pepper, Red,Pepper, Sweet,Peppers, Bell,Peppers, Cayenne,Peppers, Chile,Peppers, Chili,Peppers, Chilli,Peppers, Green,Peppers, Hot,Peppers, Jalapeno,Peppers, Red,Peppers, Sweet,Red Peppers,Sweet Peppers
D002457 Cell Extracts Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances. Cell Extract,Extract, Cell,Extracts, Cell
D005658 Fungi A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies. Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold
D000864 Antarctic Regions The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55) Antarctic Region,Southern Pacific Ocean,Antarctic,Antarctica
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D012988 Soil Microbiology The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms. Microbiology, Soil
D053532 Xanthomonas axonopodis A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus XANTHOMONAS, which causes citrus cankers and black rot in plants.
D018551 Solanum lycopersicum A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit. Lycopersicon esculentum,Tomatoes,Tomato
D019015 Geologic Sediments A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689) Marine Oil Snow,Sediments, Geologic,Sediments, Marine,Geologic Sediment,Marine Snow,Sediment, Geologic,Marine Oil Snows,Marine Sediment,Marine Sediments,Oil Snow, Marine,Sediment, Marine,Snow, Marine Oil

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