Relationship between selenoprotein P and selenocysteine lyase: Insights into selenium metabolism. 2018

Lucia A Seale, and Herena Y Ha, and Ann C Hashimoto, and Marla J Berry
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States. Electronic address: lseale@hawaii.edu.

Selenoprotein P (SelenoP) functions as a plasma transporter of selenium (Se) from liver to other tissues via incorporation into multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues. Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) is an intracellular enzyme that decomposes Sec into selenide, providing Se for the synthesis of new selenoproteins. Both SelenoP and Scly are mostly produced by the liver. Previous studies demonstrated that male mice lacking SelenoP (SelenoP KO) or Scly (Scly KO) had increased or decreased total hepatic Se, respectively. While SelenoP regulation by Se is well-studied, Scly regulation by Se has not been reported. We hypothesize that Scly is negatively regulated by Se levels, and that absence of SelenoP jeopardizes Scly-dependent Se recycling. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we unveiled a tissue-specific Se regulation of Scly gene expression. We also determined that SelenoP, a considered source of intracellular Se, affects Scly expression and activity in vitro but not in vivo, as in the absence of SelenoP, Scly levels and activity remain normal. We also showed that absence of SelenoP does not increase levels of transsulfuration pathway enzymes, which would result in available selenocompounds being decomposed by the actions of cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL or CTH) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). Instead, it affects levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), an enzyme that can reduce selenite to selenide to be used in selenoprotein production. This study evaluates a potential interplay between SelenoP and Scly, providing further insights into the regulation of selenium metabolism.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008190 Lyases A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4. Desmolase,Desmolases,Lyase
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051149 Selenoprotein P An extracellular selenoprotein that contains most of the SELENIUM in PLASMA. Selenoprotein P functions as an antioxidant and appears to transport selenium from the LIVER to peripheral tissues. SelP Protein

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