Synthesis and self-assembling properties of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal protected D-glucose and D-glucosamine β-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. 2018

Anji Chen, and Ifeanyi S Okafor, and Consuelo Garcia, and Guijun Wang
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.

Sugar based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are useful small molecules that can form reversible supramolecular gels with many applications. Selective functionalization of common monosaccharides has resulted in several classes of effective LMWGs. Recently we found that certain peracetylated sugars containing anomeric triazole functional groups were effective gelators. In this study we synthesized two series of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal protected β-1,2,3-triazolyl glycoside of D-glucose and N-acetyl D-glucosamine derivatives and evaluated their self-assembling properties in a few solvents. Several gelators were obtained and the gelation properties of these compounds rely on the structures of the 4-triazolyl substituents. Typically, alkyl derivatives resulted in effective gelation in organic solvents and aqueous mixtures of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. But further acetylation of these compounds resulted in loss of gelation properties. The gels were characterized using optical microscopy, rheology, and FTIR spectroscopy. We also analyzed the molecular assemblies, using 1H NMR spectroscopy to probe the influences of the hydroxyl, amide, and triazole functional groups. Naproxen was used as a model drug and it formed co-gels with compound 25 in DMSO water mixtures. Using UV spectroscopy, we found that naproxen was slowly released from the gel to aqueous solution. The general structure and gelation trend obtained here can be useful in designing sugar based biomaterials. We expect that further structural optimization can lead to more effective gelators that are compatible with different drug molecules for encapsulation and sustained release.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008970 Molecular Weight The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule. Molecular Weights,Weight, Molecular,Weights, Molecular
D005944 Glucosamine 2-Amino-2-Deoxyglucose,Dona,Dona S,Glucosamine Sulfate,Hespercorbin,Xicil,2 Amino 2 Deoxyglucose,Sulfate, Glucosamine
D005947 Glucose A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006860 Hydrogen Bonding A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds. Hydrogen Bonds,Bond, Hydrogen,Hydrogen Bond
D001597 Benzylidene Compounds Compounds which include a double-bonded carbon atom that is directly attached to a benzene ring. While this category is named after the highly reactive compound benzylidene, the compounds listed under it occur through a variety of synthetic pathways. Benzylidene Compound,Benzylidene Derivative,Benzylidene Derivatives,Phenylmethylene Derivative,Phenylmethylene Derivatives,Compound, Benzylidene,Compounds, Benzylidene,Derivative, Benzylidene,Derivative, Phenylmethylene,Derivatives, Benzylidene,Derivatives, Phenylmethylene

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