To analyze the metabolites of Chenxiang Huaqi pill in rats by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The separation was performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈ column, with the acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min⁻¹. The data were collected by the positive ion mode of ESI source. The plasma and urine total ion chromatograms of the rats in blank group and treatment group were used to analyze the targeted ion chromatograms. The results showed that 24 compounds were detected in the plasma and urine, including 5 prototype components and 19 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydration, glucuronidation, demethylation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation and sulfation. The method was rapid, simple and sensitive, and can be used to rapidly identify the metabolites of Chenxiang Huaqi pill that can be absorbed in rats, providing a reference for the study of the absorption and metabolism mechanism of Chenxiang Huaqi pill in vitro.