NMR Spectroscopic Determination of Enantiomeric Excess Using Small Prochiral Molecules. 2018

Shinsuke Ishihara, and Jan Labuta, and Zdeněk Futera, and Shigeki Mori, and Hisako Sato, and Katsuhiko Ariga, and Jonathan P Hill
World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.

The use of chiral auxiliaries, which derivatize enantiomers to diastereomers, is an established technique for NMR spectroscopic analysis of chirality and enantiomeric excess ( ee). Here we report that some small prochiral molecules exhibit ee-dependent splitting of 1H NMR signals at room temperature based on acid/base interactions with chiral analytes, especially when either a chiral or prochiral acid contains a phenoxy group at the α-position of the carboxylic acid. As a representative case, the benzylamine (BA)/2-phenoxylpropionic acid (PPA) complex was comprehensively investigated by using various methods. Notably, X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that there are multipoint interactions in the BA/PPA complex, implying that "fixing" of molecular conformation is critical for efficient intermolecular transfer of magnetic anisotropy. Our results suggest that a wide range of prochiral molecules are available for NMR determination of ee when intermolecular interactions between prochiral molecules and chiral analytes are adequately designed.

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