Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is accompanied by severe disorders of serum component of blood rheological properties (BRP), the study indicators of which performed as the monitoring of the therapeutic interventions effectiveness. BRP changes have not been established at different forms of SSc, the connection between physicochemical serum rheological properties and morphological signs of vascular skin lesions and extracardiac implications of the disease remains unknown. The purpose and objectives of the study - to evaluate the changes of BRP serum component with clinical and morphological variants of limited and diffuse form of SSc. The study included 63 patients with SSc in age from 16 to 67 years (mean 42 years), among whom there were 11% men and 89% women. In 43% of cases there was a limited form of the disease, in 57% - diffuse. The duration of the disease was 11 years. The I level activity of the pathological process is set at 41% of patients, II - at 38%, III - at 21%, anti-topoisomerase antibodies detected in serum at 78% of cases, antibodies to native deoxyribonucleic acid - at 64%, to cardiolipin - 18%. BRP is assessed by interfacial tensiometry with the determination of surface parameters. As the control parameters studied in 52 healthy people and 42 patients with limited scleroderma. Skin microincisional biopsy was performed in 37 patients. SSc is accompanied by violations of BRP, which is manifested by increasing viscoelasticity module parameters in 8% of patients, and the surface tension in 66% on the background of reducing surface elasticity level in 37%, and the latters two parameters of interfacial tensiometry differ not only from those in healthy people as well as in patients with limited scleroderma, and changes in the viscoelastic properties of the blood are prevalent in diffuse form of the disease compared to the limited form when there are dispersive correlation BRP with the severity of skin lesions and extradermal manifestations of SSc (heart, lung, kidney disease), and the elastic and relaxation serum characteristics have predictive value, respectively, in the cases of limited and diffuse forms of the disease. SSc occurs with disorders of serum level of BRP, which is more characteristic to the diffuse form of the disease and are closely related to the severity of skin and internal organs lesions, the indicators of which can be used to improve the assessment of the clinical course severity and prognosis of the individual signs of the disease.