Biomaterial Database

Insulin-mediated translocation of glucose transporters from intracellular membranes to plasma membranes: sole mechanism of stimulation of glucose transport in L6 muscle cells. 1988

T Ramlal, and V Sarabia, and P J Bilan, and A Klip

Department of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont, Canada.

Plasma membranes and light microsomes were isolated from fused L6 muscle cells. Pre-treatment of cells with insulin did not affect marker enzyme or protein distribution in isolated membranes. The number of glucose transporters in the isolated membranes was calculated from the D-glucose-protectable binding of [3H]cytochalasin B. Glucose transporter number was higher in plasma membranes and lower in intracellular membranes derived from insulin-treated cells than in the corresponding fractions from untreated cells. The net increase in glucose transporters in plasma membranes was identical to the net decrease in glucose transporters in light microsomes (2 pmol/1.23 x 10(8) cells). The fold increase in glucose transporter number/mg protein in plasma membranes (2-fold) was similar to the fold increase in glucose transport caused by insulin. This suggests that recruitment of glucose transporters from intracellular membranes to the plasma membrane is the major mechanism of stimulation of hexose transport in L6 muscle cells. This is the first report of isolation of the two insulin-sensitive membrane elements from a cell line, and the results indicate that, in contrast to rat adipocytes, there is not change in the intrinsic activity of the transporters in response to insulin.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008861	Microsomes	Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	Microsome
D009004	Monosaccharide Transport Proteins	A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.	Hexose Transport Proteins,Band 4.5 Preactin,Erythrocyte Band 4.5 Protein,Glucose Transport-Inducing Protein,Hexose Transporter,4.5 Preactin, Band,Glucose Transport Inducing Protein,Preactin, Band 4.5,Proteins, Monosaccharide Transport,Transport Proteins, Hexose,Transport Proteins, Monosaccharide,Transport-Inducing Protein, Glucose
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D002462	Cell Membrane	The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D002499	Centrifugation, Density Gradient	Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Centrifugations, Density Gradient,Density Gradient Centrifugation,Density Gradient Centrifugations,Gradient Centrifugation, Density,Gradient Centrifugations, Density
D003571	Cytochalasin B	A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.	Phomin
D003847	Deoxyglucose	2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.	2-Deoxy-D-glucose,2-Deoxyglucose,2-Desoxy-D-glucose,2 Deoxy D glucose,2 Deoxyglucose,2 Desoxy D glucose