Behavioral changes induced through adenosine A2A receptor ligands in a rat depression model induced by olfactory bulbectomy. 2018

Karla Margarita Padilla, and Andres Quintanar-Setephano, and Fabian López-Vallejo, and Laura Cristina Berumen, and Ricardo Miledi, and Guadalupe García-Alcocer
Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Centro Universitario Querétaro México.

Major depressive disorders are characterized by their severity and long-lasting symptoms, which make such disorders highly disabling illnesses. Unfortunately, 50% of major depressive patients experience relapses, perhaps partly because drug research has been performed only in animal models that screen for antidepressant drugs that appear to only ameliorate acute depression symptoms. The bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) animal model presents the advantage of mimicking the symptoms of chronic depression by means of brain surgery. Adenosine purinergic receptors A2A (A2AR) have been the target of interest in the field of psychiatric diseases. This study aimed to show which A2A receptor ligands exert antidepressive-like effects in the OBX rat model. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, OBX + vehicle, OBX + ZM 241385, and OBX + adenosine groups. Pharmacological treatment was administered for 14 days, and the rats were examined via the forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), and sucrose preference test (SPT). The OBX + ZM 241385 group exhibited decreased immobility time in the FST, decreased isolation time in the OFT, and reversed anhedonia behavior in the SPT compared to the vehicle group. However, no significant differences for adenosine treatment were found. ZM 241385 administration (2 mg/kg i.p.) restored behavioral changes associated with OBX-induced depression.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008024 Ligands A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Ligand
D008297 Male Males
D009830 Olfactory Bulb Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here. Accessory Olfactory Bulb,Olfactory Tract,Bulbus Olfactorius,Lateral Olfactory Tract,Main Olfactory Bulb,Olfactory Glomerulus,Accessory Olfactory Bulbs,Bulb, Accessory Olfactory,Bulb, Main Olfactory,Bulb, Olfactory,Bulbs, Accessory Olfactory,Bulbs, Main Olfactory,Bulbs, Olfactory,Glomerulus, Olfactory,Lateral Olfactory Tracts,Main Olfactory Bulbs,Olfactorius, Bulbus,Olfactory Bulb, Accessory,Olfactory Bulb, Main,Olfactory Bulbs,Olfactory Bulbs, Accessory,Olfactory Bulbs, Main,Olfactory Tract, Lateral,Olfactory Tracts,Olfactory Tracts, Lateral,Tract, Lateral Olfactory,Tract, Olfactory,Tracts, Lateral Olfactory,Tracts, Olfactory
D003865 Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) Depression, Involutional,Major Depressive Disorder,Melancholia, Involutional,Paraphrenia, Involutional,Psychosis, Involutional,Depressive Disorders, Major,Involutional Depression,Involutional Melancholia,Involutional Paraphrenia,Involutional Paraphrenias,Involutional Psychoses,Involutional Psychosis,Major Depressive Disorders,Paraphrenias, Involutional,Psychoses, Involutional
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D000241 Adenosine A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. Adenocard,Adenoscan
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000928 Antidepressive Agents Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems. Antidepressant,Antidepressant Drug,Antidepressant Medication,Antidepressants,Antidepressive Agent,Thymoanaleptic,Thymoanaleptics,Thymoleptic,Thymoleptics,Antidepressant Drugs,Agent, Antidepressive,Drug, Antidepressant,Medication, Antidepressant
D001522 Behavior, Animal The observable response an animal makes to any situation. Autotomy Animal,Animal Behavior,Animal Behaviors
D016896 Treatment Outcome Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series. Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes

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