One of the most common procedures performed in the foot and ankle is correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity or "bunion surgery." Most foot and ankle surgeons recognize the challenges associated with defining each patient's individual deformity and selecting the optimal procedure for the best long-term results. Using current 2-dimensional algorithms that focus on the severity of the transverse plane deformity, surgical outcomes have varied. In the past 10 years, high recurrence and complication rates for popular procedures have been reported. In the same period, the reported data have elucidated an evolving anatomic understanding of the bunion deformity, with an expansion to 3 dimensions, including the frontal/coronal plane. We present a new classification and approach for the evaluation and procedure selection for bunion surgery. We hope this conceptual treatise on hallux abducto valgus based on clinical consensus and current data will stimulate academic discussion and further research. This anatomic classification is based on the 3-dimensional anatomy of the first ray.