Food intake, food retrieval, and body weight changes were measured in female Syrian hamsters maintained under long and short photoperiods, and in animals sustaining pinealectomy or sham surgery. Animals maintained under short photoperiods gained more weight, ingested more food, and brought more food from more distant compartments into their nest compartments than did animals maintained under long photoperiods. Pinealectomy prevented the short-day elevations in body weight and food retrieval during the period of gonadal recrudescence, but it did not produce significant changes during the period of gonadal regression; in contrast, pinealectomy prevented the short-day increases in food intake only during initial weeks of the period of gonadal regression: The effects of photoperiod or pinealectomy were not evident for any of the dependent measures during pregnancy. The role of the pineal gland in mediating short-day effects is discussed.