Complete closure of the pericardium after cardiac operations has the advantage of avoiding injury of the heart and great vessels during reoperation. Between 1985 and 1987, the pericardium was closed with Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane (SM) in a selected series of 110 patients 1 month to 76 years of age. Fifty-three patients had congenital heart lesions and 57 patients had acquired heart disease. Overall hospital mortality was 3/110 cases. In no instance was there a relationship between occurrence of death and pericardial closure with SM. There was one episode of cardiac tamponade on the seventh postoperative day. One patient developed fever and leukocytosis due to a mediastinal hematoma. During a mean follow-up of 15 months, four patients had to be reoperated upon three, four, eight weeks, and eight months after primary operation. The anterior wall of the heart had no adhesion with the SM and the other parts of pericardium could be dissected easily. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the explanted SM patches showed neither cellular ingrowth nor immunocompetent cellular elements. The Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane has the advantages of easy availability and lack of reaction between its surface and the epicardium and pericardium. We believe its routine use should be encouraged in patients with high probability of reoperation after repair of complex cardiac anomalies, implantation of bioprostheses, coronary revascularization for one- or two-vessel disease, and repair of degenerative disease of the ascending aorta.