Biomaterial Database

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive, male intravenous drug users in Pakistan. 2018

Bakht Ali, and Nighat Nisar, and Faryal Nawab

School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is fifth leading cause of mortality and disability among infectious diseases worldwide. HIV burden is increasing annually and compliance with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is low among intravenous drug users, especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the adherence level to ART among HIV-positive intravenous drug users in Karachi Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. A pretested questionnaire was administered to 375 of 3000 people who inject drugs, registered at the Civil Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. RESULTS The mean age was 30 years, 181 were married, 179 were illiterate and 287 had income < 5000 rupees per month. Only 63 patients were adherent to ART and 343 were alcoholics. Nonadherence was greater in patients who were single and did not have children. The most common reason for missing ART was that they simply forgot to take the tablets. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that adherence to ART among intravenous drug users was low. Family cohesion and support were essential to maintain adherence to ART.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D010154	Pakistan	A country located in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north. The capital is Islamabad.	Islamic Republic of Pakistan
D011795	Surveys and Questionnaires	Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions.	Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D003430	Cross-Sectional Studies	Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.	Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D015658	HIV Infections	Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D015819	Substance Abuse, Intravenous	Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein.	Drug Abuse, Intravenous,Drug Abuse, Parenteral,Intravenous Drug Abuse,Intravenous Substance Abuse,Parenteral Drug Abuse
D055030	Drug Users	People who take drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. The drugs may be legal or illegal, but their use often results in adverse medical, legal, or social consequences for the users.	Drug Abusers,Drug Addicts,IV Drug Users,Intravenous Drug Users,People Who Inject Drugs,Abuser, Drug,Abusers, Drug,Addict, Drug,Addicts, Drug,Drug Abuser,Drug Addict,Drug User,Drug User, IV,Drug User, Intravenous,Drug Users, IV,Drug Users, Intravenous,IV Drug User,Intravenous Drug User,User, Drug,User, IV Drug,User, Intravenous Drug,Users, Drug,Users, IV Drug,Users, Intravenous Drug
D055118	Medication Adherence	Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.	Drug Adherence,Drug Compliance,Medication Compliance,Medication Nonadherence,Medication Non-Adherence,Medication Non-Compliance,Medication Noncompliance,Medication Persistence,Adherence, Drug,Adherence, Medication,Compliance, Drug,Compliance, Medication,Medication Non Adherence,Medication Non Compliance,Non-Adherence, Medication,Non-Compliance, Medication,Nonadherence, Medication,Noncompliance, Medication,Persistence, Medication