Biomaterial Database

Uptake and release of gamma-aminobutyric acid in guinea pig gallbladder. 1985

N Saito, and K Taniyama, and C Tanaka

The presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neuron in guinea pig gallbladder was investigated by measuring GABA contents and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and by demonstrating the uptake and release of [3H]GABA. GABA and GAD are both present in the gallbladder, and a positive correlation in regional distribution was observed among GABA, GAD, and the number of ganglion cells. The uptake of [3H]GABA by the gallbladder showed two saturable components; a high-affinity component (Km = 23.3 microM, Vmax = 7.63 nmol X g-1 X 10 min-1) and a low-affinity component (Km = 515 microM, Vmax = 57.1 nmol X g-1 X 10 min-1). These high-affinity and low-affinity transport systems corresponded to those obtained in the presence of beta-alanine and L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, respectively, thereby suggesting the presence of neuronal and nonneuronal GABA transport systems in this tissue. Electrical transmural stimulation produced an increase in [3H]-GABA release from the isolated gallbladder preloaded with [3H]GABA, in the presence of beta-alanine. The stimulation-evoked release of [3H]GABA was prevented by calcium-free medium containing 1 mM EGTA and tetrodotoxin, thereby indicating that the released GABA originates from the nerve terminals. These results provide evidence for the presence of GABA-ergic neurons in the guinea pig gallbladder.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D005260	Female		Females
D005680	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.	4-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA,4-Aminobutanoic Acid,Aminalon,Aminalone,Gammalon,Lithium GABA,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Calcium Salt (2:1),gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Hydrochloride,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Monolithium Salt,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Monosodium Salt,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Zinc Salt (2:1),4 Aminobutanoic Acid,4 Aminobutyric Acid,Acid, Hydrochloride gamma-Aminobutyric,GABA, Lithium,Hydrochloride gamma-Aminobutyric Acid,gamma Aminobutyric Acid,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Hydrochloride,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Monolithium Salt,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Monosodium Salt
D005704	Gallbladder	A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.	Gallbladders
D005724	Ganglia	Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
D005968	Glutamate Decarboxylase	A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.	Glutamate Carboxy-Lyase,Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase,Acid Decarboxylase, Glutamic,Carboxy-Lyase, Glutamate,Decarboxylase, Glutamate,Decarboxylase, Glutamic Acid,Glutamate Carboxy Lyase
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia