Biomaterial Database

Peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette and waterpipe smokers and never-smokers. 2018

Munerah S BinShabaib, and Abid Mehmood, and Zohaib Akram, and Shatha S ALHarthi

Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University.

The aim was to compare the peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette smokers (CS), waterpipe smokers (WS) and never-smokers (NS). Thirty-four CS (Group 1), 33 WS (Group 2), and 31 NS (Group 3) were included. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured, and crestal bone loss (CBL) was assessed on standardized digital radiographs. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and whole salivary cotinine levels were measured. Peri-implant PI and PD were higher in Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than in Group 3. Peri-implant BOP was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Groups 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.01). Peri-implant MBL was significantly higher in Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than in Group 3. There were significant differences in PI, BOP, PD, and CBL between Groups 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in the whole salivary cotinine levels in Groups 1 and 2. Peri-implant sites with plaque accumulation, PD, CBL, and whole salivary cotinine levels were higher in CS and WS than in NS, but did not differ between CS and WS.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010512	Periodontal Index	A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.	Bleeding on Probing, Gingival,CPITN,Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs,Gingival Bleeding on Probing,Gingival Index,Gingival Indexes,Periodontal Indexes,Gingival Indices,Index, Gingival,Index, Periodontal,Indexes, Gingival,Indexes, Periodontal,Indices, Gingival,Indices, Periodontal,Periodontal Indices
D003367	Cotinine	The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.	Scotine
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073865	Cigarette Smoking	The SMOKING of CIGARETTES.	Smoking, Cigarette
D000073867	Water Pipe Smoking	A process by which SMOKE produced from burning substance is mixed with flavor-altering substances and drawn through water or other liquid into the mouth.	Hookah Smoking,Waterpipe Smoking,Pipe Smoking, Water,Smoking, Hookah,Smoking, Water Pipe,Smoking, Waterpipe
D000074285	Smokers	Persons with a history or habit of SMOKING.	Smokers, Non-Tobacco Products,Smokers, Tobacco,Vapers,Non-Tobacco Products Smoker,Non-Tobacco Products Smokers,Smoker,Smoker, Non-Tobacco Products,Smoker, Tobacco,Smokers, Non Tobacco Products,Tobacco Smoker,Tobacco Smokers,Vaper
D000078405	Non-Smokers	Persons without a history of SMOKING.	Nonsmokers,Non-Smoker,Nonsmoker