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Abstinent states were compared following chronic administration of mu and kappa opioid agonists, morphine and ethylketocyclazocine, respectively. Rats were prepared with chronic EEG and EMG electrodes and indwelling IV cannulae. One group of rats was chronically administered IV morphine, while a second group received chronic injections of IV ethylketocyclazocine. Morphine abstinence was associated with suppression of REM sleep occurrences, increases in number of wet-dog shakes, and a decline in EEG spectral power during slow-wave sleep episodes. In contrast, the ethylketocyclazocine abstinence syndrome included minor abstinence signs. Differences in abstinent states between morphine and ethylketocyclazocine indicate the involvement of separate receptor populations in the process of dependence on morphine and ethylketocyclazocine.
G A Young, and
N Khazan
January 1990,
Psychopharmacology,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
November 1996,
The International journal of neuroscience,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
December 1992,
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
January 1991,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
April 1986,
European journal of pharmacology,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
October 1985,
European journal of pharmacology,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
July 2000,
Brain research bulletin,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
May 1995,
Neuroscience letters,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
January 1985,
Alcohol and drug research,
G A Young, and
N Khazan
January 1985,
Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society,
