Introduction of cloned DNA into sea urchin egg cytoplasm: replication and persistence during embryogenesis. 1985

A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson

Cloned DNA sequences were introduced into the cytoplasm of unfertilized sea urchin eggs by a simple microinjection technique. Sperm was then added, and development allowed to proceed. If linearized plasmids are injected they form random concatenates, and during the early development of the embryos replicate repeatedly. Eukaryotic sequences are not required for replication of the exogenous DNA. Injected supercoiled DNAs neither ligate nor replicate. Both forms of exogenous DNA persist in the embryo through pluteus stage.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008845 Microinjections The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes. Microinjection
D009693 Nucleic Acid Hybridization Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503) Genomic Hybridization,Acid Hybridization, Nucleic,Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic,Genomic Hybridizations,Hybridization, Genomic,Hybridization, Nucleic Acid,Hybridizations, Genomic,Hybridizations, Nucleic Acid,Nucleic Acid Hybridizations
D010063 Ovum A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION. Egg,Egg, Unfertilized,Ova,Eggs, Unfertilized,Unfertilized Egg,Unfertilized Eggs
D010957 Plasmids Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS. Episomes,Episome,Plasmid
D002874 Chromosome Mapping Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome. Gene Mapping,Linkage Mapping,Genome Mapping,Chromosome Mappings,Gene Mappings,Genome Mappings,Linkage Mappings,Mapping, Chromosome,Mapping, Gene,Mapping, Genome,Mapping, Linkage,Mappings, Chromosome,Mappings, Gene,Mappings, Genome,Mappings, Linkage
D003593 Cytoplasm The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990) Protoplasm,Cytoplasms,Protoplasms
D004247 DNA A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D004261 DNA Replication The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated. Autonomous Replication,Replication, Autonomous,Autonomous Replications,DNA Replications,Replication, DNA,Replications, Autonomous,Replications, DNA
D004262 DNA Restriction Enzymes Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1. Restriction Endonucleases,DNA Restriction Enzyme,Restriction Endonuclease,Endonuclease, Restriction,Endonucleases, Restriction,Enzymes, DNA Restriction,Restriction Enzyme, DNA,Restriction Enzymes, DNA
D005260 Female Females

Related Publications

A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
February 1988, Development (Cambridge, England),
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
February 1969, Biochimica et biophysica acta,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
July 1967, Journal of molecular biology,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
November 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
October 1982, Cryobiology,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
July 1970, Biochimica et biophysica acta,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
September 1995, Molecular marine biology and biotechnology,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
July 1969, Experimental cell research,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
January 1981, Development, growth & differentiation,
A P McMahon, and C N Flytzanis, and B R Hough-Evans, and K S Katula, and R J Britten, and E H Davidson
January 1985, Development, growth & differentiation,
Copied contents to your clipboard!