Aortocaval fistula: an unusual complication of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. 2018

Nikolaos Patelis, and Georgios-Christos Giagkos, and Kostantinos Maltezos, and Chris Klonaris
First Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which erodes into the wall of the inferior vena cava, resulting in the formation of a fistula. ACF presents with various inconsistent symptoms and signs. ACF can be a diagnostic dilemma if not suspected and it is lethal if left untreated.A 60-year-old man presented with abdominal and lower back pain of sudden onset. Renal and liver functions were impaired, without signs of cardiac failure. CT angiography revealed an abdominal aneurysm rupture into the inferior vena cava. Patient underwent a successful open repair: ACF ligation from within the aneurysmal sac and an aorto-bi-iliac bypass using a Dacron graft. Renal and liver functions improved and the patient was discharged on the eighth postoperative day. A month later, the patient was fit and well with normal liver and renal functions.Despite progress made in the endovascular treatment of ACF, complications still persist with a reported endoleak rate of 50%. Open repair is still a valid method for ACF repair in patients fit to undergo laparotomy and general anaesthesia. In this case, the patient was fit and along the lack of a suitable stent graft, the vascular team performed an open repair with good results.Open repair of an ACF is a valid treatment method for patients who are fit enough to undergo laparotomy and general anaesthesia, and avoids complications related to endovascular repair, such as endoleaks.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007813 Laparotomy Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis. Minilaparotomy,Laparotomies,Minilaparotomies
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000072226 Computed Tomography Angiography A non-invasive method that uses a CT scanner for capturing images of blood vessels and tissues. A CONTRAST MATERIAL is injected, which helps produce detailed images that aid in diagnosing VASCULAR DISEASES. Angiography, CT,Angiography, Computed Tomography,CT Angiography,Angiographies, CT,Angiographies, Computed Tomography,CT Angiographies,Computed Tomography Angiographies,Tomography Angiographies, Computed,Tomography Angiography, Computed
D001019 Aortic Rupture The tearing or bursting of the wall along any portion of the AORTA, such as thoracic or abdominal. It may result from the rupture of an aneurysm or it may be due to TRAUMA. Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured,Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm,Aneurysm, Ruptured Aortic,Aneurysms, Ruptured Aortic,Aortic Aneurysms, Ruptured,Aortic Ruptures,Rupture, Aortic,Ruptured Aortic Aneurysms,Ruptures, Aortic
D001164 Arteriovenous Fistula An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE. Aneurysm, Arteriovenous,Arteriovenous Aneurysm,Arteriovenous Fistulas,Fistula, Arteriovenous,Fistulas, Arteriovenous
D014682 Vena Cava, Inferior The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs. Inferior Vena Cava,Inferior Vena Cavas,Vena Cavas, Inferior
D017544 Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm,Aneurysm, Abdominal Aorta,Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm,Aneurysm, Abdominal Aortic,Abdominal Aorta Aneurysms,Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms,Aorta Aneurysm, Abdominal
D057510 Endovascular Procedures Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY. Endovascular Techniques,Intravascular Procedures,Intravascular Techniques,Endovascular Procedure,Endovascular Technique,Intravascular Procedure,Intravascular Technique,Procedure, Endovascular,Procedure, Intravascular,Procedures, Endovascular,Procedures, Intravascular,Technique, Endovascular,Technique, Intravascular,Techniques, Endovascular,Techniques, Intravascular

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