Challenges for programmatic implementation of killed whole cell oral cholera vaccines for prevention and control of cholera: a meta-opinion. 2018

Pranab Chatterjee, and Suman Kanungo, and Shanta Dutta
a National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease - Division of Epidemiology , Indian Council of Medical Research , Kolkata , India.

Cholera remains a public health threat. The development of safe, effective, easy-to-administer, heat-stable, and cheap killed whole cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) has provided an additional tool to counter cholera. In this meta-opinion, we review the challenges of delivering OCVs through the existing public health infrastructure in vulnerable areas. We provide an overview of the available vaccines against cholera, the existing evidence about the effectiveness of a two-dose as well as a single-dose OCV strategy. We also highlight the experience from the public health campaigns for OCV deployment. Several public health experiences have shown the feasibility of incorporating OCVs into the public health response against cholera. Combined with a comprehensive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) improvement plan, OCVs need to be deployed in identified vulnerable areas, targeting the highest risk groups first. Vaccination programs should not be deployed in lieu of investments in WaSH services, but as a complimentary service in a comprehensive, cholera control intervention package. It has been a challenge to have high two-dose coverage across all eligible recipients, necessitating the adoption of innovative strategies to boost coverage. Longer intervals between doses may help to overcome resource and logistical limitations enabling higher coverage.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007722 Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL). Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
D002771 Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. Vibrio cholerae Infection,Choleras,Infection, Vibrio cholerae,Infections, Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio cholerae Infections
D006284 Health Plan Implementation Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs. Health Plan Implementations,Implementation, Health Plan,Implementations, Health Plan,Plan Implementation, Health,Plan Implementations, Health
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073887 Vaccination Coverage Rate of VACCINATION as defined by GEOGRAPHY and or DEMOGRAPHY. Immunization Coverage,Coverage, Immunization,Coverage, Vaccination,Coverages, Immunization,Coverages, Vaccination,Immunization Coverages,Vaccination Coverages
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D001364 Awareness The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object. Situation Awareness,Situational Awareness,Awareness, Situation,Awareness, Situational,Awarenesses,Awarenesses, Situation,Awarenesses, Situational,Situation Awarenesses,Situational Awarenesses
D015164 Vaccines, Inactivated Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins. Inactivated Vaccine,Killed Vaccine,Killed Vaccines,Vaccines, Killed,Inactivated Vaccines,Vaccine, Inactivated,Vaccine, Killed
D017053 Infection Control Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms. Control, Infection
D017589 Immunization Programs Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international. Vaccination Awareness,Vaccination Campaign,Vaccination Promotion,Awareness, Vaccination,Awarenesses, Vaccination,Campaign, Vaccination,Campaigns, Vaccination,Immunization Program,Program, Immunization,Programs, Immunization,Promotion, Vaccination,Promotions, Vaccination,Vaccination Awarenesses,Vaccination Campaigns,Vaccination Promotions

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