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Relief of intractable pain was produced in six human patients by stimulation of electrodes permanently implanted in the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter. The level of stimulation sufficient to induce pain relief seems not to alter the acute pain threshold. Indiscriminate repetitive stimulation produced tolerance to both stimulation-produced pain relief and the analgesic action of narcotic medication; this process could be reversed by abstinence from stimulation. Stimulation-produced relief of pain was reversed by naloxone in five out of six patients. These results suggest that satisfactory alleviation of persistent pain in humans may be obtained by electronic stimulation.
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
January 1980,
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
March 1987,
Journal of neurosurgery,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
October 1983,
Pain,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
March 1976,
Pain,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
March 1983,
Hospital practice (Office ed.),
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
January 1982,
Applied neurophysiology,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
February 1980,
Nursing mirror,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
November 1974,
Life sciences,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
January 1987,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
Y Hosobuchi, and
J E Adams, and
R Linchitz
May 1991,
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology,
