Biomaterial Database

Applications of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2018

Mark C Daley, and Spencer L Fenn, and Lauren D Black

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.

The role of the cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) in providing biophysical and biochemical cues to the cells housed within during disease and development has become increasingly apparent. These signals have been shown to influence many fundamental cardiac cell behaviors including contractility, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Consequently, alterations to cell phenotype result in directed remodeling of the cECM. This bidirectional communication means that the cECM can be envisioned as a medium for information storage. As a result, the reprogramming of the cECM is increasingly being employed in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a method with which to treat disease. In this chapter, an overview of the composition and structure of the cECM as well as its role in cardiac development and disease will be provided. Additionally, therapeutic modulation of cECM for cardiac regeneration as well as bottom-up and top-down approaches to ECM-based cardiac tissue engineering is discussed. Finally, lingering questions regarding the role of cECM in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are offered as a catalyst for future research.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D005109	Extracellular Matrix	A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.	Matrix, Extracellular,Extracellular Matrices,Matrices, Extracellular
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D016326	Extracellular Matrix Proteins	Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).	Extracellular Matrix Protein,Matrix Protein, Extracellular,Matrix Proteins, Extracellular,Protein, Extracellular Matrix,Proteins, Extracellular Matrix
D044968	Regenerative Medicine	A field of medicine concerned with developing and using strategies aimed at repair or replacement of damaged, diseased, or metabolically deficient organs, tissues, and cells via TISSUE ENGINEERING; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and ARTIFICIAL ORGANS and BIOARTIFICIAL ORGANS and tissues.	Medicine, Regenerative,Medicines, Regenerative,Regenerative Medicines
D054457	Tissue Scaffolds	Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.	Tissue Scaffolding,Scaffold, Tissue,Scaffolding, Tissue,Scaffoldings, Tissue,Scaffolds, Tissue,Tissue Scaffold,Tissue Scaffoldings
D020257	Ventricular Remodeling	The geometric and structural changes that the HEART VENTRICLES undergo, usually following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.	Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular,Left Ventricular Remodeling,Myocardial Remodeling, Ventricular,Left Ventricle Remodeling,Ventricle Remodeling,Cardiac Remodelings, Ventricular,Left Ventricle Remodelings,Left Ventricular Remodelings,Myocardial Remodelings, Ventricular,Remodeling, Left Ventricle,Remodeling, Left Ventricular,Remodeling, Ventricle,Remodeling, Ventricular,Remodeling, Ventricular Cardiac,Remodeling, Ventricular Myocardial,Remodelings, Left Ventricle,Remodelings, Left Ventricular,Remodelings, Ventricle,Remodelings, Ventricular,Remodelings, Ventricular Cardiac,Remodelings, Ventricular Myocardial,Ventricle Remodeling, Left,Ventricle Remodelings,Ventricle Remodelings, Left,Ventricular Cardiac Remodeling,Ventricular Cardiac Remodelings,Ventricular Myocardial Remodeling,Ventricular Myocardial Remodelings,Ventricular Remodeling, Left,Ventricular Remodelings,Ventricular Remodelings, Left
D023822	Tissue Engineering	Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.	Engineering, Tissue
D032383	Myocytes, Cardiac	Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).	Cardiomyocytes,Muscle Cells, Cardiac,Muscle Cells, Heart,Cardiac Muscle Cell,Cardiac Muscle Cells,Cardiac Myocyte,Cardiac Myocytes,Cardiomyocyte,Cell, Cardiac Muscle,Cell, Heart Muscle,Cells, Cardiac Muscle,Cells, Heart Muscle,Heart Muscle Cell,Heart Muscle Cells,Muscle Cell, Cardiac,Muscle Cell, Heart,Myocyte, Cardiac
D064752	Atrial Remodeling	Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.	Atrium Remodeling,Cardiac Remodeling, Atrial,Electrical Remodeling,Myocardial Remodeling, Atrial,Remodeling, Atrial,Remodeling, Atrial Cardiac,Remodeling, Atrial Myocardial,Remodeling, Atrium,Remodeling, Electrical