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HeLa cell nuclear extracts and wild-type or mutated simian virus 40 enhancer DNA were used in DNase I footprinting experiments to study the interaction of putative trans-acting factors with the multiple enhancer motifs. We show that these nuclear extracts contain proteins that bind to these motifs. Because point mutations which are detrimental to the activity of a particular enhancer motif in vivo specifically prevent protection of that motif against DNase I digestion in vivo, we suggest that the bound proteins correspond to trans-acting factors involved in enhancement of transcription. Using mutants in which the two domains A and B of the simian virus 40 enhancer are either separated by insertion of DNA fragments or inverted with respect to their natural orientation, we also demonstrate that the trans-acting factors bind independently to the two domains.
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
October 1985,
The Journal of biological chemistry,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
September 1990,
Journal of molecular biology,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
December 1984,
Molecular and cellular biology,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
April 1986,
Molecular and cellular biology,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
November 1987,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
September 1977,
Journal of virology,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
April 1988,
Molecular and cellular biology,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
September 1987,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
January 1984,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
A G Wildeman, and
M Zenke, and
C Schatz, and
M Wintzerith, and
T Grundström, and
H Matthes, and
K Takahashi, and
P Chambon
February 1990,
The Journal of biological chemistry,
