A comparison of the energy balance in two successive isometric tetani of frog muscle. 1977

N A Curtin, and R C Woledge

1. Measurements were made of the energy produced as heat and work (h + w) and the chemical changes which occurred between the beginning and end of each of two periods of stimulation. The muscles contracted tetanically under isometric conditions. Each period of stimulation (tetanus) lasted 5 sec and there was an interval of 3 sec between them. The tension developed in the second tetanus was 91% of that in the first.2. The observed (h + w) was greater in each tetanus than the quantity expected from the measured chemical changes. This excess was 230 +/- 43 mJ/g dry wt. (mean +/- S.E. of mean) in the first tetanus, but only 89 +/- 46 mJ/g in the second tetanus (mean +/- S.E. of mean). The result for the first tetanus agrees with previous findings.3. The observed (h + w) was divided into two parts, labile and stable, which were defined by Aubert (1956). This division was made on the basis of the time course of the (h + w) production, without reference to the chemical changes. The labile part of the (h + w) has an exponentially declining rate, and the stable part has a constant rate.4. The observed (h + w) was less in the second tetanus than in the first. This was due largely to the decrease in the labile part in the second tetanus; it was only ca. 0.35 of that in the first tetanus. However, the stable part remained relatively constant, 0.83 of that in the first tetanus. Aubert & Maréchal (1963) and Aubert (1968) have reported similar results.5. Having divided the (h + w) into the stable and labile parts, we found that the stable part could be accounted for by the chemical change, but the labile part could not. Thus, for both tetani, the stable part of the energy is about equal to the explained energy, and the labile part is about equal to the unexplained energy. The possible interpretations of these equalities are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009132 Muscles Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals. Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D010725 Phosphocreatine An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996) Creatine Phosphate,Neoton,Phosphocreatine, Disodium Salt,Phosphorylcreatine,Disodium Salt Phosphocreatine,Phosphate, Creatine
D011896 Rana temporaria A species of the family Ranidae occurring in a wide variety of habitats from within the Arctic Circle to South Africa, Australia, etc. European Common Frog,Frog, Common European,Common European Frog,Common Frog, European,European Frog, Common,Frog, European Common
D003401 Creatine An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.
D003404 Creatinine Creatinine Sulfate Salt,Krebiozen,Salt, Creatinine Sulfate,Sulfate Salt, Creatinine
D004734 Energy Metabolism The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells. Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D000244 Adenosine Diphosphate Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. ADP,Adenosine Pyrophosphate,Magnesium ADP,MgADP,Adenosine 5'-Pyrophosphate,5'-Pyrophosphate, Adenosine,ADP, Magnesium,Adenosine 5' Pyrophosphate,Diphosphate, Adenosine,Pyrophosphate, Adenosine
D000249 Adenosine Monophosphate Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. AMP,Adenylic Acid,2'-AMP,2'-Adenosine Monophosphate,2'-Adenylic Acid,5'-Adenylic Acid,Adenosine 2'-Phosphate,Adenosine 3'-Phosphate,Adenosine 5'-Phosphate,Adenosine Phosphate Dipotassium,Adenosine Phosphate Disodium,Phosphaden,2' Adenosine Monophosphate,2' Adenylic Acid,5' Adenylic Acid,5'-Phosphate, Adenosine,Acid, 2'-Adenylic,Acid, 5'-Adenylic,Adenosine 2' Phosphate,Adenosine 3' Phosphate,Adenosine 5' Phosphate,Dipotassium, Adenosine Phosphate,Disodium, Adenosine Phosphate,Monophosphate, 2'-Adenosine,Phosphate Dipotassium, Adenosine,Phosphate Disodium, Adenosine
D000255 Adenosine Triphosphate An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2

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