BACKGROUND Elderly persons often suffer from depression, without anyone around them noticing. Depression is more common at physically ill elderly person then at their physically healthy contemporary. It is important mental health problem of developed society, because it is still faintly revealed thus insufficiently treated. OBJECTIVE To explore the existence of geriatric depression in elderly persons living on their own and those who live in family environment. METHODS The research included 200 elderly respondents, experimental group made of elderly persons (>65 years) living alone. Control group included elderly persons living in a family environment. Universal geriatric questionnaire was made for this research. To assess the presence of depression at respondents we used "The scale of geriatric depression". RESULTS The average age (±SD) was 75,4±6,2 years in the experimental group, while in the control group the average age was 74,9±5,6 years. In the experimental group there is significantly larger number of elderly persons that are neglected (p=0,001). Elderly respondents surrounded by loneliness are more depressive than elderly living in the family environment. Statistically geriatric depression is significantly connected with inability for everyday activities, with decreased result of cognitive abilities and indicated result of dementia (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Depression is an important mental health problem of the developed society, because it is still faintly discovered and by that insufficiently treated. Organizing approach to different aspects of geriatric health, doctors of the primary protection can improve care of their elderly patients.