Metabolism and spatial distribution of metalaxyl in tomato plants grown under hydroponic conditions. 2019

Michael Kubicki, and Marc Lamshöft, and Andreas Lagojda, and Michael Spiteller
Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.

Knowledge about translocation of plant protection products (PPP's) in plants is important to understand the uptake via the root system. Here we report the combination of analysis of tissue extracts by LC-HRMSn, autoradiography of 14C-labeled compounds and MALDI-MSI, which combine qualitative and quantitative information of chemical composition and the spatial distribution of PPP's and their metabolites in situ. Therefore, the uptake of the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl was studied in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) using a hydroponic system. The plants have been cultivated in perlite until the two-leaf stage and were transferred into the hydroponic test system afterwards. The radioactive labeled fungicide was readily taken up by the roots during the normal water consumption and radioactivity was translocated uniformly to the aboveground part of the tomato plants, while only small proportion of the applied radioactivity were observed in the roots. The distribution of metalaxyl after the plant uptake experiment in the primary roots where analyzed by a transversal tissue section in the zone of maturation. Metalaxyl is mainly localized in root xylem and in cortex located at the epidermis. With LC-HRMSn and radiochemical analyses of stem and leaf, no parent compound was detectable. Four polar metabolites were the main identified components of the residue and could be visualized by MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry. With these results we could show, that the fungicide metalaxyl is taken up by the plant via the roots during the regular water consumption and transported to xylem.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D005659 Fungicides, Industrial Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc. Industrial Fungicides
D000409 Alanine A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Abufène,Alanine, L-Isomer,L-Alanine,Alanine, L Isomer,L Alanine,L-Isomer Alanine
D001692 Biological Transport The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments. Transport, Biological,Biologic Transport,Transport, Biologic
D052584 Xylem Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores. Xylems
D018517 Plant Roots The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) Plant Bulbs,Plant Root,Bulb, Plant,Bulbs, Plant,Plant Bulb,Root, Plant,Roots, Plant
D018527 Hydroponics A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) Hydroponic
D018551 Solanum lycopersicum A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit. Lycopersicon esculentum,Tomatoes,Tomato

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