BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

In vitro anesthetic washin and washout via bubble oxygenators: influence of anesthetic solubility and rates of carrier gas inflow and pump blood flow. 1988

N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0648.

The uptake and elimination of volatile anesthetic agents administered to patients under conditions of hemodilution and hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass have not been determined. To define the limitations imposed by oxygenators, we defined washin and washout curves for volatile anesthetic agents administered to bubble oxygenators primed with diluted blood (without connection to a patient). There was rapid equilibration of anesthetic partial pressure between delivered gas and blood (85-90% within 16 minutes). Increasing the gas inflow to the oxygenator from 3 to 12 L/min hastened washin and washout slightly, while increasing the pump blood flow from 3 to 5 L/min had no effect. Rates of washin and washout of anesthetics differed as a function of their blood/gas solubilities: enflurane greater than isoflurane greater than halothane during washin; isoflurane greater than enflurane greater than halothane during washout. However, these differences were small. Oxygenator exhaust partial pressures of anesthetic correlated with simultaneously obtained blood partial pressures, suggesting that monitoring exhaust gas may be useful clinically.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007201 Indicator Dilution Techniques Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Dilution Techniques,Dilution Technics,Indicator Dilution Technics,Dilution Technic,Dilution Technic, Indicator,Dilution Technics, Indicator,Dilution Technique,Dilution Technique, Indicator,Dilution Techniques, Indicator,Indicator Dilution Technic,Indicator Dilution Technique,Technic, Dilution,Technic, Indicator Dilution,Technics, Dilution,Technics, Indicator Dilution,Technique, Dilution,Technique, Indicator Dilution,Techniques, Dilution,Techniques, Indicator Dilution
D007530 Isoflurane A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
D008955 Models, Cardiovascular Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment. Cardiovascular Model,Cardiovascular Models,Model, Cardiovascular
D010106 Oxygenators Devices which mechanically oxygenate venous blood extracorporeally. They are used in combination with one or more pumps for maintaining circulation during open heart surgery and for assisting the circulation in patients seriously ill with some cardiac and pulmonary disorders. (UMDNS, 1999) Oxygenator
D002302 Cardiac Output The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat). Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D002315 Cardiopulmonary Bypass Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs. Heart-Lung Bypass,Bypass, Cardiopulmonary,Bypass, Heart-Lung,Bypasses, Cardiopulmonary,Bypasses, Heart-Lung,Cardiopulmonary Bypasses,Heart Lung Bypass,Heart-Lung Bypasses
D004737 Enflurane An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate. Alyrane,Enfran,Enlirane,Ethrane,Etran
D006221 Halothane A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000777 Anesthetics Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. Anesthetic,Anesthetic Agents,Anesthetic Drugs,Anesthetic Effect,Anesthetic Effects,Agents, Anesthetic,Drugs, Anesthetic,Effect, Anesthetic,Effects, Anesthetic

Related Publications

N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Correction of inert gas washin or washout for gas solubility in blood.
October 1988, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985),
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Gas flow in relation to blood flow in oxygenators. An evaluation of the new Shiley bubble oxygenator.
January 1977, Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Gas exchange: bubble and membrane oxygenators.
October 1990, Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
[Gas transfer in oxygenators. The difference between bubble and membrane oxygenators].
March 1986, Annales de chirurgie,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Theme and variations on blood oxygenators. I. Bubble oxygenators.
December 1961, Surgery,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Simulation study of cerebral blood flow measurements in xenon-CT: evaluation of washin/washout procedures.
January 1991, Medical physics,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Performance of baffled bubble blood oxygenators.
May 1979, Artificial organs,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
[In vitro testing of the efficacy of the gas bubble trap in membrane blood oxygenators of the MOCT-200 type].
January 1990, Meditsinskaia tekhnika,
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Multiple-breath washout and washin experiments in steers.
August 1996, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985),
N A Nussmeier, and G J Moskowitz, and R B Weiskopf, and N H Cohen, and D M Fisher, and E I Eger
Washin and washout of isoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass.
November 1988, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie,
Copied contents to your clipboard!