Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases 3 and 4 direct glycerolipid synthesis and affect functionality in activated macrophages. 2019

Ivana Y Quiroga, and Magali Pellon-Maison, and Amanda L Suchanek, and Rosalind A Coleman, and Maria R Gonzalez-Baro
Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.

Macrophage classical M1 activation via TLR4 triggers a variety of responses to achieve the elimination of foreign pathogens. During this process, there is also an increase in lipid droplets which contain large quantities of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL). The functional consequences of this increment in lipid mass are poorly understood. Here, we studied the contribution of glycerolipid synthesis to lipid accumulation, focusing specifically on the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with Kdo2-lipid A, we showed that glycerolipid synthesis is induced during macrophage activation. GPAT4 protein level and GPAT3/GPAT4 enzymatic activity increase during this process, and these two isoforms were required for the accumulation of cell TAG and PL. The phagocytic capacity of Gpat3 and Gpat4 BMDM was impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation reduced phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis. Finally, Gpat4 BMDM expressed and released more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after macrophage activation, suggesting a role for GPAT4 in suppressing inflammatory responses. Together, these results provide evidence that glycerolipid synthesis directed by GPAT4 is important for the attenuation of the inflammatory response in activated macrophages.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007249 Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D008262 Macrophage Activation The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants. Activation, Macrophage,Activations, Macrophage,Macrophage Activations
D008264 Macrophages The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.) Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophages,Macrophage,Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived,Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages,Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage,Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived,Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophages, Monocyte Derived,Monocyte Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophage
D010743 Phospholipids Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. Phosphatides,Phospholipid
D005992 Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15. Glycerolphosphate Acyltransferase,Stearyl-CoA Glycerophosphate Transstearylase,Acyl-CoA Sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate-O-Acyltransferase,Glycerophosphate Acyltransferase,Acyl CoA Sn Glycerol 3 Phosphate O Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase, Glycerolphosphate,Acyltransferase, Glycerophosphate,Glycerol 3 Phosphate O Acyltransferase,Glycerophosphate Transstearylase, Stearyl-CoA,O-Acyltransferase, Glycerol-3-Phosphate,Sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate-O-Acyltransferase, Acyl-CoA,Stearyl CoA Glycerophosphate Transstearylase,Transstearylase, Stearyl-CoA Glycerophosphate
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014280 Triglycerides An ester formed from GLYCEROL and three fatty acid groups. Triacylglycerol,Triacylglycerols,Triglyceride
D050155 Lipogenesis De novo fat synthesis in the body. This includes the synthetic processes of FATTY ACIDS and subsequent TRIGLYCERIDES in the LIVER and the ADIPOSE TISSUE. Lipogenesis is regulated by numerous factors, including nutritional, hormonal, and genetic elements. Lipogeneses
D051103 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of ACYL COA to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This enzyme has alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits. 1-AGP-Acyltransferase,1-Acylglycerol Phosphate Acyltransferase 2,1-Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase,1-Palmitylglycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferase,Acyl CoA-1-Acyl-Syn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase,Acyl CoA-Monoacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase,Acyl Coenzyme A-Monacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase,1 AGP Acyltransferase,1 Acylglycerol 3 Phosphate O Acyltransferase,1 Acylglycerol Phosphate Acyltransferase 2,1 Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase,1 Palmitylglycerol 3 Phosphate Acyltransferase,3-Phosphate Acyltransferase, 1-Palmitylglycerol,A-Monacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase, Acyl Coenzyme,Acyl CoA 1 Acyl Syn Glycerol 3 Phosphate O Acyltransferase,Acyl CoA Monoacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase,Acyl Coenzyme A Monacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase,Acyltransferase, 1-Acylglycerophosphate,Acyltransferase, 1-Palmitylglycerol 3-Phosphate,CoA-1-Acyl-Syn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase, Acyl,CoA-Monoacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase, Acyl,Coenzyme A-Monacylglycerophosphateacyltransferase, Acyl,O-Acyltransferase, 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate,O-Acyltransferase, Acyl CoA-1-Acyl-Syn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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