The purpose of this historic review is to summarize the life and work of Avicenna (980-1037) and his contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of spinal deformities and trauma. We conducted an extensive search in libraries as well as online in Pubmed and Google Scholar. Avicenna in his work Canon of Medicine combines the knowledge of ancient Greek and Roman physicians and surgeons and he combines them with the extensive of Arabic medicine and pharmacology. Avicenna made an impact with his medical writings in which he summarized the works of ancient Greek and Roman physicians like Hippocrates and Galen with the influence of medieval authors and the knowledge of the Arabic medicine and pharmacology. His descriptions and comments in his work Canon of Medicine summarize and comment the work of his predecessors and it remained a work of reference until at least the sixteenth century.