To analyze and identify the chemical components in Xingbei Zhike Keli by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column, with methanol-0.08% formic acid solution (including 0.1% ammonium formate) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL·min⁻¹ and column temperature was 30 °C. The MS spectrum was acquired in both negative and positive ion modes by using electron spray ionization (ESI). These components were further analyzed based on accurate m/z, secondary fragmentation and other information combined with reference substance and literature data. As a result, 87 compounds were successfully identified and predicted, including alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and saponins, of which 23 compounds were verified by comparing with reference substances. These results provide reference for the quality control of Xingbei Zhike Keli, and lay the foundation for elucidating their effective components and mechanism of action.